442 research outputs found
The Most General and Renormalizable Maximal Abelian Gauge
We construct the most general gauge fixing and the associated Faddeev-Popov
ghost term for the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory, which leaves the global U(1) gauge
symmetry intact (i.e., the most general Maximal Abelian gauge). We show that
the most general form involves eleven independent gauge parameters. Then we
require various symmetries which help to reduce the number of independent
parameters for obtaining the simpler form. In the simplest case, the
off-diagonal part of the gauge fixing term obtained in this way is identical to
the modified maximal Abelian gauge term with two gauge parameters which was
proposed in the previous paper from the viewpoint of renormalizability.
In this case, moreover, we calculate the beta function, anomalous dimensions
of all fields and renormalization group functions of all gauge parameters in
perturbation theory to one-loop order. We also discuss the implication of these
results to obtain information on low-energy physics of QCD.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure
A Qualitative Study on The Function of Information and Communication Technology Utilization in Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities: Implications for Techniques of Teaching/Job Coaching
Background: Recently, the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has been promoted in Japan. However, teachers do not yet fully understand using ICT for persons with intellectual disabilities.
Objective: This study clarifies the support functions of ICT as perceived by teachers involved in special needs education (support for students with intellectual disabilities).
Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with five teachers involved in special-needs education. We qualitatively analyzed the interview data obtained using content analysis.
Results: From the interviews, 53 ICT-utilization episodes were obtained. These episodes were categorized into 13 categories of utilization and seven aspects of support: understanding, communication, behavior, meta-cognition, environment, memory, and opportunities.
Conclusion: ICT is a beneficial tool to compensate for intellectual disabilities and help students with intellectual disabilities learn better. We believe that teachers can better assist students with intellectual disabilities by successfully matching individual needs with the ICT features. The results obtained in this study will be helpful while considering support for persons with intellectual disabilities, not only in education but also in vocational training, employment support, and telework support for persons with intellectual disabilities
Mechanical and Physical Properties of Dispersion-Strengthened Iron
The dispersion-strengthening phenomenon in iron was studied by using fine powders of alumina, magnesia and silica as dispersing particles. Observations were carried out of micrographs, hardness, creep rupture and thermal expansion. Cu base dispersion-strengthened alloys were also examined for reference. The results obtained were as follows : (1) In iron alloys alumina was most effective and silica was least. (2) Growth of particles during heating at high temperature may be due to the existence of wustite. (3) The less the expansion coefficient, the stronger the effect of dispersion strengthening
Efficacy of vonoprazan against bleeding from endoscopic submucosal dissection-induced gastric ulcers under antithrombotic medication: A cross-design synthesis of randomized and observational studies
Vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, is expected to be superior to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in preventing post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)-induced gastric bleeding. However, the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies on the efficacy of vonoprazan have been inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of vonoprazan in antithrombotic drug users, a population that has been excluded from RCTs. Treatment effects were assessed using cross-design synthesis, which can be adjusted for differences in study design and patient characteristics. We used data from an RCT in Japan (70 patients in the vonoprazan group and 69 in the PPI group) and an observational study (408 patients in the vonoprazan group and 870 in the PPI group). After matching, among the antithrombotic drug users in the observational study, post-ESD bleeding was noted in 8 out of 86 patients in the vonoprazan group and 18 out of 86 patients in the PPI group. After pooling the data from the RCT and observational study, the risk difference for antithrombotic drug users was -14.6% (95% CI: -22.0 to -7.2). CDS analysis suggested that vonoprazan is more effective than PPIs in preventing post-ESD bleeding among patients administered antithrombotic medications
Sexual dimorphism of the human fetal pelvis exists at the onset of primary ossification
ヒト胎児の骨盤の性差は一次骨化が開始する受精後9週には既に存在する. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2024-05-20.Human adolescent and adult skeletons exhibit sexual dimorphism in the pelvis. However, the degree of sexual dimorphism of the human pelvis during prenatal development remains unclear. Here, we performed high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging-assisted pelvimetry on 72 human fetuses (males [M]: females [F], 34:38; 21 sites) with crown-rump lengths (CRL) of 50–225 mm (the onset of primary ossification). We used multiple regression analysis to examine sexual dimorphism with CRL as a covariate. Females exhibit significantly smaller pelvic inlet anteroposterior diameters (least squares mean, [F] 8.4 mm vs. [M] 8.8 mm, P = 0.036), larger subpubic angle ([F] 68.1° vs. [M] 64.0°, P = 0.034), and larger distance between the ischial spines relative to the transverse diameters of the greater pelvis than males. Furthermore, the sacral measurements indicate significant sex-CRL interactions. Our study suggests that sexual dimorphism of the human fetal pelvis is already apparent at the onset of primary ossification
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