An Evolutionary Approach to Regional Systems of Innovation

This article examines how the birth and the development of regional systems of innovation are connected with economic selection and points to implications for regional-level policies. The research questions are explored using an evolutionary model, which emphasises geographical spaces and production of intermediate goods. In particular we are concerned with how cooperative behaviour of technology producers is affected by the need to protect technological secrecies and of being financially constrained by forms demanding innovative input. Based on the theoretical model, we provide an analysis using computer simulations. The primary fidings are, firstly, that the model generates predictions suited for empirical research on how economic selection influences cooperative behaviour of innovative actors. Secondly, we demonstrate how a region's entrepreneurial activity and growth can be controlled in a decentralised way by regions.social capital; social identity; civil society; open methods of coordination

Photon-rejection Power of the Light Dark Matter eXperiment in an 8 GeV Beam

The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is an electron-beam fixed-target experiment designed to achieve comprehensive model independent sensitivity to dark matter particles in the sub-GeV mass region. An upgrade to the LCLS-II accelerator will increase the beam energy available to LDMX from 4 to 8 GeV. Using detailed GEANT4-based simulations, we investigate the effect of the increased beam energy on the capabilities to separate signal and background, and demonstrate that the veto methodology developed for 4 GeV successfully rejects photon-induced backgrounds for at least $2\times10^{14}$ electrons on target at 8 GeV.Comment: 28 pages, 20 figures; corrected author lis

ISSN: 1601-2461 (online) An Evolutionary Approach to Regional Systems of Innovation

This article examines how the birth and the development of regional systems of innovation are connected with economic selection and points to implications for regional-level policies. The research questions are explored using an evolutionary model, which emphasises geographical spaces and production of intermediate goods. In particular we are concerned with how cooperative behaviour of technology producers is a¤ected by the need to protect technological secrecies and of being …nancially constrained by …rms demanding innovative input. Based on the theoretical model, we provide an analysis using computer simulations. The primary …ndings are, …rstly, that the model generates predictions suited for empirical research on how economic selection in‡uences cooperative behaviour of innovative actors. Secondly, we demonstrate how a region’s entrepreneurial activity and growth can be controlled in a decentralised way by region

Polyelectrolyte - Surfactant Interactions in Dilute Suspensions. A Study Based on Monte Carlo simulations and Mean-Field Calcultations

The complexation of macroions or charged micelles and oppositely charged polyelectrolytes was studied by the use of Monte-Carlo simulations and mean field calculations. The Monte-Carlo simulations were performed on a simple model system with the emphasis on the electrostatic interaction, (i) polyelectrolyte rigidity, (ii) polyelectrolyte linear charge density, (iii) surfactant tail length, and (iv) the polyelectrolyte concentration. Structural data for all simulations and thermodynamic quantities of the complexation for (i) to (iii) was obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation technique and thermodynamic integration. The ratio of the critical aggregation concentration, cac, and the critical micellization concentration, cmc, was calculated for (i) to (iii), cac being the lowest surfactant concentration at which the surfactants self-assemble. The largest reduction of the cmc occurred for the highest polyelectrolyte flexibility, largest linear charge density, and longest surfactant tail. The complexation is caused by the strong attractive electrostatic interaction between the micelle and the polyelectrolyte and is manifested by a decrease of the electrostatic energy due to small micelle-polyelectrolyte charge separations and an increase of the entropy due to the release of the counterions of the macroions. The simulations at various polyelectrolyte concentrations (iv) showed that for flexible and highly charged polyelectrolytes a tight complex, containing one macroion and one polyelectrolyte was formed at all polyelectrolyte concentrations considered. However, for flexible but lower charged polyelectrolytes, a looser macroion-polyelectrolyte complex was established, and the complex involved two polyelectrolytes when two or more polyelectrolytes were available. For the most rigid polyelectrolyte no complex was formed at all. For the mean-field calculations the polyelectrolyte linear charge density, polyelectrolyte concentration and polyelectrolyte backbone hydrophobicity, and the concentration of salt were varied. Structural data and information about the aggregation number, cmc's and cac's were obtained. The results showed that the solvency of the polymer backbone affects the structure of the aggregate

An evolutionary approach to regional systems of innovation

Regional system of innovation, Intermediate goods, Economic selection, Organizational capital, L24, O33, R38,