Cuentos de la tradición chocoana como experiencia expandida del lenguaje: una estrategia didáctica implementada en los años 2016 a 2017 para el mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora a nivel inferencial en los estudiantes de grado 5º de la Institución Educativa Matías Trespalacios del municipio de Certeguí-Chocó

La posibilidad de fortalecer la comprensión lectora a nivel inferencial en los alumnos de quinto grado de la Institución Educativa Matías Trespalacios en el Municipio de Cértegui en los años 2016 y 2017, utilizando la estrategia didáctica: cuentos de la tradición chocoana como experiencia expandida del lenguaje, es el interrogante que da pie al presente proyecto de investigación de cohorte cualitativo que, además, usa técnicas como las pruebas de comprensión lectora y el taller literario para identificar los niveles de lectura, promover en el aula el uso del cuento de la tradición chocoana como experiencia expandida del lenguaje a nivel inferencial y pensar una ruta para mejorar la calidad. De hecho, los resultados se presentan de acuerdo a estas tres acciones. Se aclara que los principales referentes usados, aparte del Ministerio de Educación (1998, 2006) son: Barola (1995) para hablar de la tradición chocoana, Dubouis (1996) para conceptualizar la lectura, a Martin Barbero (2009) para hablar de la experiencia expandida en el aula de clase, a Sanz (2003) y Holzwarth, Hall y Stucchi (2007) para especificar la estrategia didáctica de lectura y a León (2003) y Arcila (2006) para tratar el tema de la inferencia

Bioprecipitation of Calcium Carbonate Crystals by Bacteria Isolated from Saline Environments Grown in Culture Media Amended with Seawater and Real Brine

The precipitation of calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate by isolated bacteria from seawater and real brine obtained in a desalination plant growth in culture media containing seawater and brine as mineral sources has been studied. However, only bioprecipitation was detected when the bacteria were grown in media with added organic matter. Biomineralization process started rapidly, crystal formation taking place in the beginning a few days after inoculation of media; roughly 90% of total cultivated bacteria showed. Six major colonies with carbonate precipitation capacity dominated bacterial community structure cultivated in heterotrophic platable bacteria medium. Taxonomic identification of these six strains through partial 16S rRNA gene sequences showed their affiliation with Gram-positive Bacillus and Virgibacillus genera. These strains were able to form calcium carbonate minerals, which precipitated as calcite and aragonite crystals and showed bacterial fingerprints or bacteria calcification. Also, carbonic anhydrase activity was observed in three of these isolated bacteria. The results of this research suggest that microbiota isolated from sea water and brine is capable of precipitation of carbonate biominerals, which can occur in situ with mediation of organic matter concentrations. Moreover, calcium carbonate precipitation ability of this microbiota could be of importance in bioremediation of CO2 and calcium in certain environments.This investigation was funded by the EC FP7 CO2SolStock research consortium

Intervención educativa sobre obesidad como riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en mujeres.

Introduction: the obesity has created a negative impact because of its high prevalence and association with the frequent presence of chronic illnesses.Objective: to increase the level of knowledge about the obesity like a risk factor of non- transmitted chronic illnesses.Method: educative intervention to women of 20 years and older at a type I consult in Antonio Guiteras community, Bayamo, Granma. The sample was made by 154 women. There were used like summary measures, the absolute numbers and the test before and after Friedman, it was used the statistical program Statistics version 8.0 for Windows, with a level of significance of 0.05.Results: 146 women had a low level and 8 of them had a medium level of knowledge before the intervention and after that 122 obtained a high level. At the time of relating the obesity with hypertension, 123 women had a low level of knowledge and 31 of them had a medium level before the intervention, after that, 97 obtained a high level. For the diabetes mellitus 2, 137 had a low level of knowledge before the intervention and after it was applied, 109 reached a high level. In the cardiovascular illnesses, before the intervention 137 women had a low level of knowledge, 116 of them reached a high level. When valuing the level of knowledge of the obesity like a risk factor of chronic illnesses, from the 119 women with a low level before the intervention, all of them reached a high level.Conclusions: the ANOVA test of Friedman evidenced a result of 118, 35 with a coefficient of concordance about 0, 77, with 0 probability, showing the existence of significant differences in regards to the level of knowledge before and after the intervention, evidencing its effectiveness.Introducción: La obesidad ha creado un impacto negativo debido a su alta prevalencia y asociación con la frecuente aparición de enfermedades crónicas.Objetivo: Elevar el nivel de conocimiento sobre obesidad como factor de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.Método: Intervención educativa, a mujeres de 20 años o más de un consultorio tipo I del reparto Antonio Guiteras, Bayamo, Granma. La muestra quedó conformada por 154 mujeres. Se utilizaron como medidas de resumen, los números absolutos, y la prueba de antes y después de Friedman, se usó el programa estadístico Statistics versión 8.0 para Windows, con un nivel de significación de 0.05.Resultados: Ciento cuarenta y seis mujeres tenían un nivel bajo y 8 un nivel medio de conocimientos antes de aplicada la intervención, después de aplicada, 122 lograron un nivel alto. Al relacionar a la obesidad con la hipertensión arterial, 123 mujeres tenían un nivel bajo de conocimientos y 31 un nivel medio antes de aplicada la intervención, después de aplicada 97 obtuvieron un nivel alto. Para la diabetes mellitus 2, 137 tenían un nivel bajo de conocimientos antes de aplicada la intervención, después de aplicada 109 alcanzaron un nivel alto. En las enfermedades cardiovasculares, antes de aplicada la intervención 137 mujeres tenían un nivel bajo de conocimientos, de estas 116 alcanzaron un nivel alto. Al valorar el nivel de conocimientos de la obesidad como factor de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas, de las 119 mujeres con un nivel bajo antes de aplicada la intervención, todas alcanzaron un nivel alto.Conclusiones: La prueba ANOVA de Friedman arrojó un resultado de 118,35 con coeficiente de concordancia de 0,77, probabilidad igual a 0, demostrando la existencia de diferencias significativas respecto al nivel de conocimiento antes y después de la intervención, evidenciándose su efectividad

Flourensia cernua: Hexane Extracts a Very Active Mycobactericidal Fraction from an Inactive Leaf Decoction against Pansensitive and Panresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The efficacy of decoction in extracting mycobactericidal compounds from Flourensia cernua (Hojasé) leaves and fractionation with solvents having ascending polarity was compared with that of (i) ethanol extraction by still maceration, extraction with a Soxhlet device, shake-assisted maceration, or ultrasound-assisted maceration, followed by fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol; (ii) sequential extraction with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, by still maceration, using a Soxhlet device, shake-assisted maceration, or ultrasound-assisted maceration. The in vitro mycobactericidal activity of each preparation was measured against drug-sensitive (SMtb) and drug-resistant (RMtb) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. The results of which were expressed as absolute mycobactericidal activity (AMA). These data were normalized to the ΣAMA of the decoction fraction set. Although decoction was inactive, the anti-RMtb normalized ΣAMA (NAMA) of its fractions was comparable with the anti-RMtb NAMA of the still maceration extracts and significantly higher than the anti-SMtb and anti-RMtb NAMAs of every other ethanol extract and serial extract and fraction. Hexane extracted, from decoction, material having 55.17% and 92.62% of antituberculosis activity against SMtb and RMtb, respectively. Although the mycobactericidal activity of decoction is undetectable; its efficacy in extracting F. cernua active metabolites against M. tuberculosis is substantially greater than almost all pharmacognostic methods

Extracurricular Factors Influence Perceived Stress in a Large Cohort of Colombian Dental Students

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of extracurricular factors including socioeconomic status and career choice with perceived stress in dental school in a large cohort of Colombian dental students. Participants in the study were 5,700 students enrolled in seventeen Colombian dental schools. The study employed a Spanish adaptation of the Dental Environment Stressors (DES30-Sp) questionnaire and recorded an array of demographic, socioeconomic, career choice, and dental studies-related information. Data analyses relied on descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate methods based on multi-level mixed-effects linear regression and post hoc estimation of predictive margins. "Fear of failing a course or year" emerged as the highest ranked item. Male students consistently reported less perceived stress than females, and stress scores were higher among seniors. Independent of gender, age, and study year, having dentistry as one's first career choice, relying on financial support, and belonging to higher socioeconomic strata were associated with lower stress levels. Academic environment interventions aimed to improve students' educational well-being will need to account for the individual heterogeneity among them. These data from a robust cohort of predoctoral dental students underscore the importance of considering students' educational experiences in a broader social and economic context

Effect of viral storm in patients admitted to intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in Spain: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study

Background: The contribution of the virus to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between viral RNA load in plasma and host response, complications, and deaths in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: We did a prospective cohort study across 23 hospitals in Spain. We included patients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to an intensive care unit between March 16, 2020, and Feb 27, 2021. RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid region 1 (N1) was quantified in plasma samples collected from patients in the first 48 h following admission, using digital PCR. Patients were grouped on the basis of N1 quantity: VIR-N1-Zero ([removed]2747 N1 copies per mL). The primary outcome was all-cause death within 90 days after admission. We evaluated odds ratios (ORs) for the primary outcome between groups using a logistic regression analysis. Findings: 1068 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 117 had insufficient plasma samples and 115 had key information missing. 836 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 403 (48%) were in the VIR-N1-Low group, 283 (34%) were in the VIR-N1-Storm group, and 150 (18%) were in the VIR-N1-Zero group. Overall, patients in the VIR-N1-Storm group had the most severe disease: 266 (94%) of 283 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 116 (41%) developed acute kidney injury, 180 (65%) had secondary infections, and 148 (52%) died within 90 days. Patients in the VIR-N1-Zero group had the least severe disease: 81 (54%) of 150 received IMV, 34 (23%) developed acute kidney injury, 47 (32%) had secondary infections, and 26 (17%) died within 90 days (OR for death 0·30, 95% CI 0·16–0·55; p<0·0001, compared with the VIR-N1-Storm group). 106 (26%) of 403 patients in the VIR-N1-Low group died within 90 days (OR for death 0·39, 95% CI 0·26–0·57; p[removed]11 página

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis

To understand COVID-19 characteristics in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and identify high-risk individuals due to their immunocompromised state resulting from the use of disease-modifying treatments. Retrospective and multicenter registry in patients with MS with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and available disease course (mild = ambulatory; severe = hospitalization; and critical = intensive care unit/death). Cases were analyzed for associations between MS characteristics and COVID-19 course and for identifying risk factors for a fatal outcome. Of the 326 patients analyzed, 120 were cases confirmed by real-time PCR, 34 by a serologic test, and 205 were suspected. Sixty-nine patients (21.3%) developed severe infection, 10 (3%) critical, and 7 (2.1%) died. Ambulatory patients were higher in relapsing MS forms, treated with injectables and oral first-line agents, whereas more severe cases were observed in patients on pulsed immunosuppressors and critical cases among patients with no therapy. Severe and critical infections were more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, with progressive MS forms, a longer disease course, and higher disability. Fifteen of 33 patients treated with rituximab were hospitalized. Four deceased patients have progressive MS, 5 were not receiving MS therapy, and 2 were treated (natalizumab and rituximab). Multivariate analysis showed age (OR 1.09, 95% CI, 1.04-1.17) as the only independent risk factor for a fatal outcome. This study has not demonstrated the presumed critical role of MS therapy in the course of COVID-19 but evidenced that people with MS with advanced age and disease, in progressive course, and those who are more disabled have a higher probability of severe and even fatal diseas

Connected Insulin Pens and Caps : An Expert's Recommendation from the Area of Diabetes of the Spanish Endocrinology and Nutrition Society (SEEN)

Undoubtedly, technological advances have revolutionised diabetes management in recent years. The development of advanced closed hybrid loop insulin pumps or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, among others, have increased the quality of life and improved glycaemic control of people with diabetes. However, only some patients have access to such technology, and only some want to use it. CGM has become much more widespread, but in terms of insulin delivery, most people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and almost all people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on insulin therapy are treated with multiple-dose insulin injections (MDI) rather than an insulin pump. For these patients, using connected insulin pens or caps has shown benefits in reducing missed insulin injections and promoting correct administration over time. In addition, using these devices improves the quality of life and user satisfaction. The integration of insulin injection and CGM data facilitates both users and the healthcare team to analyse glucose control and implement appropriate therapeutic changes, reducing therapeutic inertia. This expert's recommendation reviews the characteristics of the devices marketed or in the process of being marketed and their available scientific evidence. Finally, it suggests the profile of users and professionals who would benefit most, the barriers to its generalisation and the changes in the care model that implementing these devices can bring with it

Perspectivas de la enseñanza en educación infantil

PublishedEl presente escrito nace de las reflexiones de dos trabajos de investigación que giran alrededor de los temas de escritura y lectura en los universitarios y de la concepción de formación docente, vinculada a la idea de ensoñación desde Bachelard; a partir de ahí, se desarrolla una reflexión alrededor de la misma temática pero en la etapa inicial donde se tejen las estructuras fundamentales de los procesos de constitución del sujeto. En ambos trabajos el lenguaje y la didáctica hacen parte primordial del sustento de los mismos. En esas relaciones simbióticas entre sujeto, aprendizaje, didáctica y ensoñación se presenta el tema de la escritura en la búsqueda de generar una idea diferente a asumirla como proceso netamente instrumental, sino unirlo a formas diferentes de su abordaje; siendo la niñez una época de mayor apertura al aprendizaje, concebir la escritura desde estos lugares puede hacer la diferencia de mejorar los procesos escriturales en los años posteriores

Evaluation of two treatment strategies for the prevention of preterm birth in women identified as at risk by ultrasound (PESAPRO Trial): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Premature birth is considered one of the main problems in modern Obstetrics. It causes more than 50 % of neonatal mortality; it is responsible for a large proportion of infant morbidity and incurs very high economic costs. Cervical length, which can be accurately measured by ultrasound, has an inverse relationship with the risk of preterm birth. As a result, having an effective intervention for asymptomatic patients with short cervix could reduce the prematurity. Although recently published data demonstrates the effectiveness of vaginal progesterone and cervical pessary, these treatments have never been compared to one another. Methods/Design: The PESAPRO study is a noncommercial, multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial (RCT) in pregnant women with a short cervix as identified by transvaginal ultrasonography at 19 to 22 weeks of gestation. Patients are randomized (1:1) to either daily vaginal progesterone or cervical pessary until the 37th week of gestation or delivery; whichever comes first. During the trial, women visit every 4 weeks for routine questions and tests. The primary outcome is the proportion of spontaneous preterm deliveries before 34 weeks of gestation. A sample size of 254 pregnant women will be included at 29 participating hospitals in order to demonstrate noninferiority of placing a pessary versus vaginal progesterone. The first patient was randomized in August 2012, and recruitment of study subjects will continue until the end of December 2015. Discussion: This trial assesses the comparative efficacy and safety between two accepted treatments, cervical pessary versus vaginal progesterone, and it will provide evidence in order to establish clinical recommendationsThe study has been funded by two national grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health and ISCIII