THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE MEMBER STATES, IN TERMS OF THE LISBON TREATY

The aim of the European integration was to implement the economic integration, after that – due to the Maastricht Treaty (1992) – the political integration began as well. The integration was developed by the Lisbon Treaty (2007), since the EU got legal personality and own institutional system. This tendency has not finished yet, as it has led to the development of the European Administrative Space, whose existence has been proved in innumerable ways. The Member States are responsible for the implementation of the decisions, which was made on EU level, therefore the connection between the institutions of the Member States and of the Community is close and multilevel. This connection-system and its characteristics are examined and summarized in the study in seven theses.European Public Administration, Union’s institutional system, Public Administration of the Member States, network of the organs, European Administrative Space

THE MAIN TENDENCIES OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORMS– FROM A HUNGARIAN POINT OF VIEW

Over the course of human history each state decided on its own how broadly and how extensively to encroach on social conditions, i.e. which tasks to take on. However, the growth of state tasks and abstractions by the state (taxation) is a historical fact, particularly in the 20th century. Centralization of state duties and GDP (40-50% of it!) in a bigger scale into the state budget by the 1980s led to the obvious fact that this tendency cannot be continued, the model of state-concept needs a change. It came forward firstly in the Anglo-Saxon countries, than in the developed countries such as France, Germany, etc.. From the public law crisis public management reforms could have meant the way out. The public management reforms can be classified into three tendencies dependent upon aspects of how the state or rather the administration tries to solve the social problems. According to this, on one hand, we can talk about the technical, the value- and participation-based, as well as about the regulative approach, and on the other hand, about the tendency of “New Public Management”, “Good Governance” and “Neo-Weberism”. This essay takes a look at these approaches, tendencies and their most important features brieflyPublic Management, Public Service Reform, New Public Management, Good Governance, Neo-Weberism

Effect of wavelength dependence of nonlinearity, gain, and dispersion in photonic crystal fiber amplifiers

Photonic crystal fibers are used in fiber amplifiers and lasers because of the flexibility in the design of mode area and dispersion. However, these quantities depend strongly on the wavelength. The wavelength dependence of gain, nonlinearity and dispersion are investigated here by including the wavelength dependence explicitly in the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation for photonic crystal fibers with varying periods and hole sizes. The effect of the wavelength dependence of each parameter is studied separately as well as combined. The wavelength dependence of the parameters is shown to create asymmetry to the spectrum and chirp, but to have a moderating effect on pulse broadening. The effect of including the wavelength dependence of nonlinearity in the simulations is demonstrated to be the most significant compared that of dispersion or gain

Laser probing of atomic Cooper pairs

We consider a gas of attractively interacting cold Fermionic atoms which are manipulated by laser light. The laser induces a transition from an internal state with large negative scattering length to one with almost no interactions. The process can be viewed as a tunneling of atomic population between the superconducting and the normal states of the gas. It can be used to detect the BCS-ground state and to measure the superconducting order parameter.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Pairing gap and in-gap excitations in trapped fermionic superfluids

We consider trapped atomic Fermi gases with Feshbach-resonance enhanced interactions in pseudogap and superfluid temperatures. We calculate the spectrum of RF(or laser)-excitations for transitions that transfer atoms out of the superfluid state. The spectrum displays the pairing gap and also the contribution of unpaired atoms, i.e. in-gap excitations. The results support the conclusion that a superfluid, where pairing is a many-body effect, was observed in recent experiments on RF spectroscopy of the pairing gap.Comment: Journal versio