71 research outputs found
Kraniometrija dobrog dupina (Tursiops truncatus) iz Jadranskoga mora.
The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is a cetacean distributed worldwide with an external morphology that varies between different populations. An endangered population of bottlenose dolphins inhabits the Adriatic Sea and is legally protected. The skulls of 95 adult bottlenose dolphins (47 females and 43 males, 5 of unknown sex) were morphometrically analyzed. They originated from bottlenose dolphins stranded dead from 1990 to 2011 in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea. For each animal a total of up to 53 skull measurements and meristic characters were taken using slide calipers to the nearest 0.01 cm. Sexual dimorphism within the Adriatic population was analyzed while the average morphometric values of Adriatic specimens were compared with published values for the genus Tursiops from different geographical areas. Male Adriatic bottlenose dolphins were significantly larger in terms of 19 craniometric characteristics compared to females. The male skull is wider along the rostrum, at the level of the braincase and at the orbital region. Their braincase is higher and longer and their teeth are higher. Comparison of morphometrical values between Adriatic bottlenose dolphins and populations from other seas confirms geographical polymorphism within the species T. truncatus. Our study showed that the skull size follows Bergmannās rule, with larger skulls found in colder waters, while smaller skulls are found in populations from temperate and tropical seas. Our results represent referent craniometrical values for the Adriatic bottlenose dolphin and should be used when implementing morphometry in population conservation.Dobri dupin (Tursiops truncatus) pripadnik je reda kitova (Cetacea) koji nastanjuje gotovo sva mora svijeta i Äija se morfologija znaÄajno razlikuje izmeÄu populacija. Jedna ugrožena i zakonom zaÅ”tiÄena populacija dobrog dupina nastanjuje i Jadransko more. U ovom radu morfometrijski je obraÄeno 95 lubanja odraslih dobrih dupina (47 ženki i 43 mužjaka, 5 nepoznatog spola) podrijetlom od dobrih dupina uginulih od 1990. do 2011. u hrvatskom dijelu Jadranskoga mora. Na svakoj lubanji izmjerene su 53 mjere pomoÄu pomiÄne mjerke s preciznoÅ”Äu od 0,01 cm. Spolni dimorfizam analiziran je pomoÄu t-testa. Ujedno, morfometrijske vrijednosti jadranskih jedinki usporeÄene su s objavljenim vrijednostima za rod Tursiops iz drugih zemljopisnih podruÄja takoÄer koristeÄi t-test. Mužjaci dobrih dupina iz Jadranskog mora znaÄajno su veÄi u 19 kraniometrijskih izmjera od ženki. Lubanja mužjaka Å”ira je duž rostralnog dijela, u podruÄju lubanjske Å”upljine i u orbitalnom podruÄju. Lubanjska Å”upljina mužjaka je viÅ”a i duža, a i zubi su im viÅ”i. Usporedbom morfometrijskih vrijednosti jadranskih dobrih dupina s populacijama iz drugih mora potvrdili smo da postoji zemljopisni polimorfizam unutar vrste T. truncatus. NaÅ”e istraživanje pokazalo je da veliÄina lubanje slijedi Bergmannovo pravilo i da veÄe lubanje dolaze u dobrih dupina koji nastanjuju hladna mora, dok manje lubanje imaju jedinke iz toplih i tropskih mora. NaÅ”i rezultati predstavljaju referentne kraniometrijske vrijednosti za jadranskog dobrog dupina potrebne tijekom primjene morfometrije u zaÅ”titi ove životinjske vrste
Uzroci smrtnosti vukova u Hrvatskoj u razdoblju od 1986. do 2001.
We recorded a total of 92 dead grey wolves (Canis lupus) in Croatia during the period1986-2001: 60 (65.2%) were shot, 18 (19.6%) died as a result of traffic accidents, while the cause of death of 6 (6.5%) wolves remained unknown, 5 (5.4%) suffered from rabies, and one each was killed by axe, by hay-fork, and by other wolves. Among dead wolves the share of females was 56%, mean age was 1.9 years, and the mean mass of adult wolves was 31.4 kg. We analyzed separately the 10 years (1986-1995) preceding, and the first 6 years (1996-2001) after the legal protection of the species (15 May 1995), when 30 and 62 wolves died, respectively. Annual mortality rose from 3.0 prior to protection to 10.3 after protection (3.4 times). This increase in mortality indicates no enforcement of the legal protection, as well as an increase in animosity by local people; it was also partly influenced by wolf population growth and it would appear that the recorded mortality is sustainable. We propose to adapt the legislation to permit the controlled hunting of wolves. This would in all likelihood lead to decreased animosity and would keep the wolf population safe from uncontrolled hunting.Od 1986. do 2001. zabilježena je smrt ukupno 92 siva vuka (Canis lupus) u Hrvatskoj: 60 (65.2%) su ustrijeljena, 18 (19.6%) je poginulo u prometnim nezgodama, za 6 (6.5%) vukova je uzrok smrti ostao nepoznat, 5 (5.4%) je imalo bjesnoÄu, a po jedan su ubijeni sjekirom, vilama ili od drugih vukova. Udio ženki meÄu mrtvim vukovima je bio 56%, prosjeÄna dob je bila 1.9 godina, a prosjeÄna masa 31.4 kg. Posebno je analizirano posljednjih 10 godina (1986-1995) prije, te prvih 6 godina (1996-2001) nakon zakonske zaÅ”tite vrste (15. svibanj 1995.), a u kojim je razdobljima stradalo 30 odnosno 62 vuka. GodiÅ”nja smrtnost je porasla sa 3.0 prije zaÅ”tite na 10.3 nakon zaÅ”tite (3.4 puta). Ovaj porast pokazuje da se zakon ne provodi, kao i porast neprihvaÄanja vuka od lokalnog stanovniÅ”tva. Porast smrtnosti dijelom je povezan i s porastom populacije vuka te se Äini da je veliÄina zabilježene smrtnosti podnoÅ”ljiva za populaciju. Predlaže se prihvaÄanje propisa koji bi omoguÄavali ograniÄeni i kontrolirani lov vukova. To bi moglo dovesti i do smanjenja mržnje prema vuku i posljediÄnog smanjenja rizika za populaciju od nekontroliranog ilegalnog ubijanja
Kastracija europskog smeÄeg medvjeda.
Facilities for captive holding of European brown bears (Ursus arctos) are usually limited in capacity and already filled. The brown bear is a protected species, reduction of free-living population is not allowed and protection of existing numbers is requested by international conventions. The best regulation of population in captivity is by orchiectomy because of surgical simplicity and efficiency. We achieved general anaesthesia by use of a combination of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride applied intramuscularly in four treated males. Surgical procedure of orchiectomy was carried out by closed method using two skin incisions parallel to raphe scroti in one bear and prescrotal incision in the remaining 3 bears. Spermatic cord was ligated by a triple clamp technique. Skin incisions were sutured by simple interrupted pattern with absorbable suture material. Recovery from general anaesthesia was without side-effects after a mean duration of 172 min. Mean surgery time was 54 min. The surgical wounds healed āper primamā.OgraÄeni prostori i utoÄiÅ”ta za zbrinjavanje europskih smeÄih medvjeda (Ursus arctos) ograniÄeni su povrÅ”inom za prihvat napuÅ”tenih jedinki. BuduÄi da je smeÄi medvjed zaÅ”tiÄena vrsta, valja voditi brigu o broju jedinki njihove populacije. Najbolja kontrola broja jedinki u zatoÄeniÅ”tvu je putem kirurÅ”koga zahvata kastracije odnosno orhiektomije mužjaka zbog relativno jednostavne izvedbe zahvata. Orhiektomija Äetiriju mužjaka obavljena je u opÄoj anesteziji kombinacijom ketamin i ksilazin hidroklorida primijenjenih intramuskularno. U sva Äetiri medvjeda orhiektomija je obavljena zatvorenom metodom. U jednoga je primijenjena metoda dva kožna reza usporedno s moÅ”njiÄnim Å”avom, a u tri medvjeda preskrotalna metoda orhiektomije. U svih je primijenjena tehnika tri hemostata prilikom podvezivanja sjemenova užeta, a rane su bile saÅ”ivene resorptivnim koncem pojedinaÄnim Ävorastim Å”avom. BuÄenje iz anestezije bilo je uobiÄajenoga tijeka bez nuspojava. Zahvat
je prosjeÄno trajao 54 minute, a opÄa anestezija 171,5 minuta. Sve kirurÅ”ke rane zacijelile su āper primamā, a oporavak je proÅ”ao bez nuspojava
Pojavnost patoloÅ”kih promjena na vuÄjim zubima (Canis lupus L.) u Hrvatskoj.
Skulls (N = 34) of gray wolves (Canis lupus) from Croatia were examined for acquired pathological changes of teeth. Skulls originated from wolves which had died due to various reasons in Croatia between 1997 and 2006. Age of examined animals ranged from 7 months to 8.5 years. Three skulls (8.9%) had pathological changes of teeth or alveolar bone. All dentitions with pathological changes belonged to females older than 2 years. Periodontitis, with changes in the alveolar bone, was determined on the alveolus of lower fourth premolar (P4) in two individuals and on the alveolus of the mandibular first molar (M1) in one specimen. A complicated crown-root fracture was found in two individuals. All caries lesions were found on premolars and molars. Caries was found on the upper jaw in one animal and on the lower jaw of another animal, while a third animal had it on both jaws. Pathological changes in the dentition of wolves in Croatia have not been previously recorded in Croatia. Data on pathological changes of wolvesā teeth contribute to the knowledge of biology and health of this species, especially on factors limiting longevity.Pregledane su 34 lubanje sivoga vuka (Canis lupus) i opisane steÄene patoloÅ”ke promjene na zubima. Lubanje su potjecale od vukova koji su zbog razliÄitih razloga stradali u Hrvatskoj od 1997. do 2006. godine. Dob tih vukova kretala se u rasponu od sedam mjeseci do osam i pol godina. PatoloÅ”ke promjene na alveolarnoj kosti zabilježene su na zubalima triju lubanja, odnosno na 8,8% pregledanih lubanja. Sve lubanje na Äijim su zubalima naÄene patoloÅ”ke promjene pripadale su ženkama starijima od dvije godine. U dvije jedinke opisan je periodontitis s promjenama u alveolarnoj kosti donjega Äetvrtoga pretkutnjaka (P4), a u jedne na gornjem prvom kutnjaku (M1). Potpuna fraktura zuba opisana je u dvije jedinke. U sve tri jedinke na pretkutnjacima i kutnjacima bio je prisutan i karijes i to na zubima gornje Äeljusti kod jedne, donje Äeljusti kod druge, a kod treÄe na zubima donje i gornje Äeljusti. U hrvatskoj literaturi dosad nisu opisane patoloÅ”ke promjene na zubalu u ove vrste velike zvijeri. Podatci o patoloÅ”kim promjenama na vuÄjim zubima pridonose boljem poznavanju biologije, osobito Äimbenika koji utjeÄu na životni vijek ove vrste
Koncentracije kadmija i olova u tkivima dobrog (Tursiops truncatus) i plavobijelog dupina (Stenella coeruleoalba) nasukanih na hrvatskoj obali Jadranskoga mora.
Concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in the livers, kidneys and muscles of 15 bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and two striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) dolphins, stranded dead along the Croatian Adriatic coast from 1990 to 1999. Cd concentrations (Ī¼g/g wet weight (w.w.)) ranged from 0.004 to 0.670 in muscle, from 0.004 to 1.842 in kidney and from 0.004 to 2.548 in liver tissues. Similarly, total Pb concentrations (Ī¼g/g w.w.) ranged from 0.01 to 0.46 in muscles, from 0.01 to 0.95 in kidneys and from 0.01 to 2.38 in livers. Cd and Pb concentrations revealed no significant differences between adults (n = 10; >6 years) and juveniles (n = 7; liver>muscle, which is a typical Cd distribution pattern. Significant positive correlations of Cd concentrations were found between livers and kidneys (r = 0.63, P = 0.015), and livers and muscles (r = 0.74, P = 0.0008). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation of Pb concentrations was determined between kidneys and muscles (r = 0.75, P = 0.001), opposite to the significant negative correlation between liver and muscle Pb concentrations (r = -0.66, P = 0.004). Our study reports the Cd and Pb concentrations in tissues of the most abundant delphinid species in the Adriatic Sea, sampled over a 10-year period. These data are required for future studies on toxic metal accumulations and their dynamics in Adriatic dolphins and in the Adriatic environment.Koncentracije kadmija (Cd) i olova (Pb) odreÄene su u uzorcima jetrenog, miÅ”iÄnog i bubrežnog tkiva 15 dobrih (Tursiops truncatus) i 2 plavobijela (Stenella coeruleoalba) dupina uginulih od 1990. do 1999. godine uzduž hrvatskog dijela Jadranskoga mora. Koncentracija kadmija kretala se od 0,004 do 0,670 Ī¼g/g u miÅ”iÄu, 0,004 do 1,842 Ī¼g/g u bubregu i od 0,004 do 2,548 Ī¼g/g u jetri (vlažna težina). Koncentracije olova kretale su se od 0,01 do 0,46 Ī¼g/g u miÅ”iÄu, od 0,01 do 0,95 Ī¼g/g u bubregu i od 0,01 do 2,38 Ī¼g/g u jetri. Razlika u koncentracijama Cd i Pb u tkivima mladih (n = 7; 6 godina) životinja nije bila statistiÄki znaÄajna. Srednje vrijednosti Cd kretale su se prema uobiÄajenoj distribuciji od najviÅ”e u bubrezima prema najnižoj u miÅ”iÄima (bubrezi>jetra>miÅ”iÄi). StatistiÄki znaÄajnu pozitivnu korelaciju pokazuju koncentracija Cd u jetri i bubrezima (r = 0,63, P = 0,015) i koncentracija u jetri i miÅ”iÄu (r = 0,74, P = 0,0008). Jednako tako statistiÄki znaÄajnu pozitivnu korelaciju pokazuju koncentracija Pb u bubrezima i u miÅ”iÄu (r = 0,75, P = 0,001), dok je izmeÄu jetre i miÅ”iÄa korelacija negativna (r = -0,66, P = 0,004). Ovim istraživanjem koje obuhvaÄa raspon od 10 godina odreÄene su koncentracije Cd i Pb u tkivima najuÄestalijih vrsta dupina Jadranskoga mora. UtvrÄene razine teÅ”kih metala osnova su za buduÄa istraživanja njihove koncentracije i dinamike u jadranskim dupinima, ali i cjelokupnom jadranskom okoliÅ”u
Primjena apsorpcije dvostrukih X-zraka metodom za male životinje u mjerenju mineralne gustoÄe nadlaktiÄne kosti dobrog dupina (Tursiops truncatus) iz Jadranskog mora
The measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) in dolphins was described in earlier investigations, but only by application of osteodensitometric methods used for man. The aim of this study was to test the possibilities of applying the method for small animals in the measurement of the bone mineral density in dolphins. The humeri of the right flippers of 24 bottlenose dolphins (11 males and 13 females) were analyzed using the dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method for measurement and analysis of the bone mineral density in small animals. The tested method can be successfully applied for measuring bone mineral density in dolphins, but the range of measured values was lower than values that resulted from using the method for man. Statistical analysis indicated positive linear correlations between bone mineral density of dolphin humerus and the total body length and age of the dolphins.Mjerenje mineralne gustoÄe kostiju dupina opisano je u ranijim istraživanjima, ali samo primjenom osteodenzitometrijske metode za Äovjeka. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi moguÄnosti za primjenu metode za male životinje u mjerenju mineralne gustoÄe kosti u dupina. NadlaktiÄne kosti desnih prsnih peraja od 24 dobra dupina (11 mužjaka i 13 ženki) istražene su DEXA (apsorpciometrija dvostrukih X-zraka) metodom za mjerenje mineralne gustoÄe kosti malih životinja. Istražena metoda može se uspjeÅ”no primijeniti na dupinima,
ali je raspon izmjerenih vrijednosti niži nego Å”to je utvrÄen primjenom metode za Äovjeka na kostima dupina. StatistiÄka je analiza pokazala pozitivnu linearnu korelaciju izmeÄu mineralne gustoÄe nadlaktiÄne kosti dupina i ukupne dužine tijela i dobi dupina
- ā¦