Patients’ perceptions of conservative treatment for a small abdominal aortic aneurysm

Vascular Surger

Systematic approach towards reliable estimation of abdominal aortic aneurysm size by ultrasound imaging and CT

Background: The management of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is fully dictated by AAA size, but there are no uniform measurement guidelines, and systematic differences exist between ultrasound- and CT-based size estimation. The aim of this study was to devise a uniform ultrasound acquisition and measurement protocol, and to test whether harmonization of ultrasound and CT readings is feasible. Methods: A literature review was undertaken to evaluate evidence for ultrasound-based measurement of AAA. A protocol for measuring AAA was then developed, and intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility was tested. Finally, agreement between ultrasound readings and CT-based AAA diameters was evaluated. This was an observational study of patients with a small AAA who participated in two pharmaceutical intervention trials. Results: Based on a literature review, an ultrasound acquisition and reading protocol was devised. Evaluation of the protocol showed an intraobserver repeatability of 1.6 mm (2s.d.) and an interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.97. Comparison of protocolled ultrasound readings and local CT readings indicated a good correlation (r = 0.81), but a systematic +4.1-mm difference for CT. Harmonized size readings for ultrasound imaging and CT increased the correlation (r = 0.91) and reduced the systematic difference to +1.8 mm by CT. Interobserver reproducibility of protocolized CT measurements showed an ICC of 0.94 for the inner-to-inner method and 0.96 for the outer-to-outer method. Conclusion: The absence of harmonized size acquisition and reading guidelines results in overtreatment and undertreatment of patients with AAA. This can be avoided by the implementation of standardized ultrasound acquisition and a harmonized reading protocol for ultrasound- and CT-based readings

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Vascular Surger

Patient-centered outcomes in treatment of small abdominal aortic aneurysms-a qualitative interview study

Vascular Surger

A registry-based rationale for discrete intervention thresholds for open and endovascular elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in female patients

Vascular Surger

The consequences of real life practice of early abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a cost-benefit analysis

Background: The reported 54 mm median intervention diameter for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in the Vascular Quality Initiative and European data from the Pharmaceutical Aneurysm Stabilisation Trial (PHAST) implies that in real life the majority of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repairs occur at diameters smaller than the consensus intervention threshold of 55 mm. This study explores the potential consequences of this practice. Methods: The differences between real life AAA repair and consensus based intervention threshold were explored in reported data from vascular quality initiatives and PHAST. The subsequent consequences of advancement of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) were estimated using a multistate model based on life tables for the EVAR Medicare population. Results: There appears an approximate 5 mm difference in AAA diameter between real life practice and consensus intervention threshold. Assuming a 2.5 mm annual growth rate, this results in an approximately 2 year advancement of AAA repair. According to the model used, early repair reduces overall small aneurysm patient mortality by 2.3%, it results in 21.9% more EVAR procedures, more EVAR related deaths, and 42.3% and 36.8% more open and endovascular re-interventions, respectively. Cost benefit estimates imply 482 fewer AAA related deaths, but 140 extra EVAR related deaths for a population of more than 30,000 AAA patients, and a 300 million USD increase in health costs for the 8 year observation period in the Medicare population. Conclusions: In the real life situation a large proportion of EVAR procedures appear to occur before reaching the consensus threshold. Although this reduces mortality, it comes at a cost of approximately 1 million USD per prevented rupture related death

Patients’ perceptions of conservative treatment for a small abdominal aortic aneurysm

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Efficacy of Telmisartan to Slow Growth of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Key PointsQuestionDoes telmisartan reduce the growth of small abdominal aortic aneurysms? FindingsIn this placebo-controlled randomized trial of 210 participants, a significant effect of telmisartan on abdominal aortic aneurysm growth rates was not shown. Telmisartan had no effect on requirement for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair or aneurysm rupture. MeaningFurther adequately powered trials are needed to assess the efficacy of medical therapies to slow abdominal aortic aneurysm growth.ImportanceCurrently there is no drug therapy for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). ObjectiveTo test the efficacy of the angiotensin receptor blocker telmisartan in slowing AAA growth in the Telmisartan in the Management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (TEDY) trial. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial recruited participants between September 6, 2011, and October 5, 2016, to evaluate the efficacy of telmisartan treatment in patients with AAA. Participants with 35- to 49-mm AAAs recruited from Australia, the Netherlands, and the US were randomized 1:1 to receive telmisartan, 40 mg, or identical placebo. Analyses were conducted according to intention-to-treat principles. Final follow-up was conducted on October 11, 2018, and data analysis was performed between June and November 2019. InterventionTelmisartan, 40 mg, or identical placebo. Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome of the difference in AAA growth, assessed on core imaging laboratory-read ultrasonographic scanning, was tested with linear mixed-effects models. Other outcomes included effects on blood pressure, computed tomographic (CT)-measured AAA diameter and volume, time to AAA-related events (AAA repair or mortality due to AAA rupture), and health-related quality of life. ResultsOf 300 intended participants, 210 were enrolled and randomized to receive telmisartan (n=107) or placebo (n=103). Of patients included in the intention-to-treat analysis (telmisartan: n=106, placebo: n=101), 183 were men (88%); mean (SD) age was 73.5 (7.9) years. At 1 year, participants receiving telmisartan had mean lower systolic (8.9; 95% CI, 4.1-13.8 mm Hg; P<.001) and diastolic (7.0; 4.3-9.8 mm Hg; P<.001) blood pressure levels compared with participants receiving placebo. A total of 188 participants (91%) received at least 2 ultrasonographic scans and 133 participants (64%) had at least 2 CT scans. There was no significant difference in ultrasonographic-assessed AAA growth rates among those assigned telmisartan (1.68 mm/y) or placebo (1.78 mm/y): mean difference, -0.11 mm/y (95% CI, -0.60 to 0.38 mm/y; P=.66). Telmisartan had no significant effects on AAA growth assessed by CT-measured AAA diameter (mean difference, -0.01 mm/y; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.01 mm/y; P=.23) or volume (mean difference, -0.02 cm(3)/y; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.00 cm(3)/y; P=.11), AAA-related events (relative risk, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.54-3.35; P=.52), or health-related quality of life (mean difference in physical component score at 24 months, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.4-0.4; P=.80). Hypotensive symptoms (eg, syncope) were twice as common among participants receiving telmisartan compared with placebo (28 [26%] vs 13 [13%]; P=.02), but overall adverse event rates were otherwise similar for both groups. Conclusions and RelevanceThis underpowered study did not show a treatment effect for telmisartan on small AAA growth. Future trials will need to ensure adequate sample size and duration of follow-up. Trial Registrationsanzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12611000931976; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01683084This randomized clinical trial examines the efficacy of telmisartan therapy slowing the growth of abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients with that condition.Vascular Surger