Biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis on greenhouse bell pepper using Beauveria bassiana in combination with soil cover practices

The excessive use of chemical products to control thrips and the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is not only harmful to human health, the environment, and biodiversity, but also the resistance these generate in insects turns them inefficient in the long run. Consequently, to achieve sustainable and residue-free production, control alternatives must be explored. This work proposes the use of Beauveria bassiana (BB) in combination with inter-row cover (IC) to reduce the population of thrips and the incidence of TSWV on bell pepper. For this purpose, a trial was carried out in a bell pepper greenhouse, consisting of four randomly distributed treatments with four repetitions of 66 plants each. The treatments assayed were: T (without BB inoculation or IC), TC (without BB inoculation and with IC), B (inoculated with BB), and BC (inoculated with BB and IC). The B. bassiana CEP147 strain was used based on its effectiveness in previous laboratory tests. After detecting one thrips per flower, five foliar spray applications were made at weekly intervals. The trial lasted 4 months. During this time, the number of thrips in the three central plants of each repetition, the presence of symptoms compatible with TSWV, as well as the number of fruits, and their weight, length, width and health were monitored weekly. Between the fourth and sixth weeks after the last application, a significant reduction in the population of total thrips (nymphs + + adults) was observed in both treatments B and BC compared to T and TC. In addition, plants with symptoms compatible with TSWV were very scarce, and the fruits showed significant differences in their quality parameters, producing the longest and heaviest in the BC treatment. The results showed that combining biological and cultural control makes sustainable pepper production possible

Discursos de sujetos/as que han vivenciado una infancia institucionalizada, en centros de protección a la infancia y su relación con el concepto de apartheid ocupacional, en la provincia de Concepción, Región del Biobío

Tesis (Terapeuta Ocupacional)Esta investigación se enmarca en el abordaje de la actual problemática social que entraña la constante vulneración de derechos que afecta en forma directa a Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (NNA) que se encuentra en situación de institucionalización. Es por esto que desde la disciplina de Terapia Ocupacional (T.O) se busca realizar un análisis sobre los discursos de los sujetos/as que en su infancia permanecieron institucionalizados en centros de protección de menores por casos judicializados o vulneración de derechos, en la provincia de Concepción, región del Bío Bío. El documento tiene como objetivo develar las realidades que han vivenciado los NNA, bajo esta red de protección en ese entonces y que aun en la actualidad se siguen repitiendo, en aspectos como educación, alimentación, socialización, juego, adaptación a un nuevo ambiente y contexto, entre otros, analizando cómo estos factores generados por la pobreza, marginalidad y problemas psicosociales repercuten negativamente en la formulación del apartheid ocupacional en su transición a la vida adulta, identificando en conjunto con los sujetos/as factores influyentes en su construcción como ser social.This research is part of the approach to the current social problem that involves the constant violation of rights that directly affects Children and Adolescents (NNA) that is in a situation of institutionalization. This is why the discipline of Occupational Therapy (OT) seeks to perform an analysis of the discourses of the subjects who in their childhood remained institutionalized in child protection centers due to court cases or violation of rights, in the province of Concepción, Bío Bío region. The purpose of the document is to reveal the realities experienced by children and adolescents, under this protection network at the time and which are still being repeated today, in aspects such as education, nutrition, socialization, play, adaptation to a new environment and context , among others, analyzing how these factors generated by poverty, marginality and psychosocial problems have a negative impact on the formulation of occupational apartheid in its transition to adult life, identifying together with the subjects influential factors in its construction as a social being