Comprehensive study on l-Proline Lithium Chloride Monohydrate single crystal: A semiorganic material for nonlinear optical applications

Abstractl-Proline Lithium Chloride Monohydrate single crystal has been successfully synthesized and grown by slow evaporation solution technique. The lattice dimensions have been calculated by single crystal XRD. The presence of strain inside the crystal has been evaluated by powder X-ray diffraction. Its crystalline perfection was found to be good with the full width at half maxima of 29.31arc sec. The crystal quality can be further examined by time resolve photoluminescence spectroscopy. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss have been measured over the frequency range of 10Hz–10kHz. The curve plotted during the measurement suggests that the value of dielectric constant decreases at higher frequency which ensures that the crystal is good candidate for NLO devices. The laser damage threshold measurements have been performed for single and multiple shots which reveal that the tolerance power for the single shot is more as compared to multiple shots. Its third order nonlinearity and thermal parameters have also been assessed for the title compound. The interference patterns obtained from the birefringence studies infer the optical homogeneity and defects in the grown crystals. The density of the single crystal has been calculated by floating technique taking kerosene as a reference

In-depth behavioral study of l-Prolinium Trichloroacetate single crystal: An efficient candidate for NLO applications

AbstractOrganic compounds have constantly proved to be a proficient candidate for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. In this respect an organic amino acid compound i.e. l-Prolinium Trichloroacetate single crystal has been synthesized and grown through slow evaporation solution growth technique. The lattice parameters obtained from single crystal X-ray diffraction were comparable with reported one. The diffraction pattern along the strain present inside the crystal was measured through powder X-ray diffraction technique. Its photoconductivity has also been observed, in which the traits of dark and photon current were recorded over a range of applied voltage. Further, birefringence was performed for the sample in which it was found that the crystal is having negative optical homogeneity character. The thermal transport parameters were calculated through photo-pyroelectric technique. Its resistance toward the laser beam was examined using laser damage threshold technique. The mechanical characteristics of the single crystal were determined on nanoscale using Oliver–Pharr method

Enhancement of thermoelectric figure of merit in Bi2Se3 crystals through a necking process

The growth of good quality bulk single crystals of bismuth selenide by employing a high-temperature vertical Bridgman technique with a specially designed ampoule having a provision for a necking process is reported. Several growth experiments were performed and reproducible results were obtained. The crystal structure and lattice dimensions were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), the bulk crystalline perfection was assessed using high-resolution X-ray diffractometry and the good bulk crystalline perfection with an indication of layered structure was confirmed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried out for the grown single crystal and confirmed the layered structure. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) was also used to further assess the crystalline perfection. The direct measurement of d spacing obtained from HRTEM imaging was found to be in good agreement with the data obtained from PXRD. The thermal behavior was examined by differential scanning calorimetry and a sharp melting was found at 983K, which revealed the purity of the bismuth selenide. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical and thermal conductivities were measured, and a thermoelectric figure of merit was calculated in order to assess the suitability of the crystal for thermoelectric applications such as refrigeration and portable power generation. Nanoindentation analysis was also performed for the first time

Synthesis and nucleation studies on L-leucine hydrobromide: a promising nonlinear optical material

To achieve good quality bulk size crystal growth, an assessment of the nucleation kinetics of a semi-organic l-leucine hydrobromide (L-LHBr) crystal was carried out using double-distilled water as solvent medium. The effect on metastable zone width (MSZW) with increasing temperature and on induction period with varied supersaturation level was determined experimentally and was found to be very well in accordance with the nucleation theory prospects. Thereafter, various other nucleation parameters, such as Gibbs free energy and interfacial energy, were also determined. The knowledge of these nucleation parameters indicated the requisite temperature domain and the appropriate growth technique, leading to the successful single-crystal growth of L-LHBr by slow cooling in the temperature range 298-291 K. The cooling rate of 0.25 K per day was optimized after repeated trials. X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis were performed on grown crystals for the verification of the material. High-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis was used to assess the crystalline perfection of the grown crystals. To further explore the properties of the grown crystals, photoluminescence and time decay studies, etching analysis, and Z-scan measurements were performed

Crystalline perfection and mechanical investigations on vertical Bridgman grown Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) single crystals for thermoelectric applications

High efficiency thermoelectric materials plays a vital role in power generation and refrigeration applications. Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is one among them. In the present work single crystal of bismuth telluride was grown using vertical Bridgman technique. The phase of grown crystals was analysed using a powder X-ray diffractometer. Quality of the grown crystal was assessed by using high resolution X-ray diffractometer and observed that it is fairly good. Further mechanical investigations on grown crystal was carried out using nano-indentation technique and various mechanical properties like hardness, stiffness and Young's modulus were evaluated. Observed results clearly indicate its suitability for thermoelectric applications

Synthesis and single crystal growth of L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate and its characterization for higher order harmonic generation applications

The semi-organic non linear optical single crystal of L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate was successfully synthesized and the single crystal was grown by a slow evaporation solution growth technique, using double distilled water as the solvent. The lattice dimensions of the grown crystal were examined by powder X-ray diffraction and it was found to belong to the orthorhombic crystal system with a noncentrosymmetric space group. Its crystallinity was assessed by a high resolution X-ray diffraction method and its structural imperfections were recorded using X-ray topography. The presence of functional groups was identified from heteronuclear correlation methods. Its optical behavior was examined by birefringence and photoluminescence and its optical constants were determined from UV-Vis. analysis. Its thermal and third order nonlinear optical properties were characterised by photopyroelectric and Z-scan methods, respectively. The mechanical and ferroelectric behavior was also assessed on the grown single crystal of L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate

Growth, structural and mechanical analysis of a single crystal of L-prolinium tartrate: a promising material for nonlinear optical applications

A single crystal of L-prolinium tartrate (LPT), which is an organic non linear optical material, was successfully synthesized and grown using a slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST). The crystal structure and lattice parameters of the crystal were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and it was found that it belongs to the monoclinic crystal system with beta = 100.380 and a noncentrosymmetric space group. The presence of strain in the grown ingot was calculated from powder X-ray diffraction measurements. The crystalline perfection was examined by high resolution X-ray diffractometry, which revealed that the crystal contained structural grain boundaries. The optical behavior of the grown specimen was analyzed by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and its time resolved PL decay was calculated. The grown crystal adopted a step wise growth pattern with parallel striations, which was confirmed from the etching technique. Its ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were also assessed. Its third order non linearity was assessed using an open aperture Z-scan technique. The thermal parameters of the LPT single crystal were calculated using a photopyroelectric technique. The mechanical strength of the single crystal at the micro level was observed by nanoindentation using the Oliver-Pharr method

Key aspects of L-threoninium picrate single crystal: an excellent organic nonlinear optical material with a high laser-induced damage threshold

Recent trends focuses on the usage of nonlinear optical materials owing to their increasing demand in frontier areas of optical communication and switching applications. In the present work single crystal of L-threoninium picrate, an excellent material for nonlinear optical applications was grown using conventional slow evaporation solution technique to meet the increasing demand of photonics industry. The lattice parameters of the grown crystal were analysed by using powder X-ray diffraction, and it was found that it crystallised in monoclinic system with space group P2(1). The strain in the lattice of the grown crystal was calculated using Hall-Williamson relation. Crystalline perfection of the grown crystal was assessed using high resolution X-ray diffraction technique and observed that quality of crystal was fairly good. Optical transmission analysis and band gap evaluation were performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Laser damage threshold value for the crystal was also measured and was found to be higher than most of reported organic single crystals. Optical homogeneity of the crystal and birefringence was evaluated using modified channel spectrum method. Thermal behaviour of the grown specimen was examined by using photopyroelectric technique. Further its various mechanical properties, such as hardness, stiffness, young's modulus, were measured using nanoindentation technique

Assessment on third order non linearity and other optical analyses of L-Asparagine Monohydrate single crystal: An efficient candidate for harmonic conversions

Single crystal of L-Asparagine Monohydrate, an organic material has been successfully grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at ambient condition. The lattice parameters and its strain of the grown crystal have been evaluated from powder X-ray diffraction and found that it belongs to orthorhombic crystal system. The polarizability has been measured by using the Clausius-Mossotti relation. The crystalline perfection of grown single crystal has been examined by high resolution X-ray diffraction and its imperfection in the diffraction plane was clearly visible by recording topographical image of the plane. From the high resolution XRD, it confirms that the crystal contained high crystalline perfection. The optical behavior was analyzed by photoluminescence and birefringence methods. In the photoluminescence, a broad peak has been observed at 475 nm which suggest that it emits blue light. The decay tendency of the material has also been observed by calculating decay constant. The optical homogeneity has been determined by the dispersion pattern of the material. The two photon absorption coefficient was further calculated by Z-scan, which gives the information about the third order non linear optical behavior of the material. The value of two-photon absorption coefficient is 4.25 x 10(-12) m/W. The thermal parameters like thermal effusivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat and thermal conductivity was obtained by using photopyroelectric technique. The ferroelectric behavior of the grown specimen was analyzed from PE (polarization VS electric field) loop. The loop suggests that the material was a nearly equivalent to ideal capacitor