In-vitro demonstration of cell-mediated immunity to vaccinia virus in man

Cell mediated immunity to vaccinia virus in man was studied by lymphocyte transformation. Vaccinia antigen, propagated on BHK-21 and Vero cells, could be used successfully for in-vitro testing after partial purification as well as crude infectious homogenates. Vaccinia antigen preparations were effective both in the infective and the inactivated state. Inactivation was usually accompanied with a certain loss of stimulating activity. Development of cell mediated immune response in-vitro after first vaccination was investigated in 17 adults. Vaccinia virus specific lymphocyte transformation was seen in the second week after vaccination in all cases. Following revaccination no increase of lymphocyte transformation ratio could be observed in 11 persons studied. At the same time the titers of humoral antibodies were elevated

St. Gallen/Vienna 2015: A Brief Summary of the Consensus Discussion

The 2015 St. Gallen Consensus Conference on early breast cancer took place in Vienna, Austria, for the first time. After 3 days of high-level presentations by international panel members of clinical trials having been reported recently in the field, the traditional Saturday voting tried to translate the assembled knowledge into clinical treatment recommendations intended to guide clinical practice of breast cancer care for the 'average' patient. This report summarizes the results of the 2015 international panel voting procedures with respect to locoregional and endocrine treatment, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, as well as adjuvant bisphosphonate use. This report is not aimed to replace the official St. Gallen consensus publication - some recommendations may even be altered in the final paper - but should serve as a preliminary rapid report of this important meeting