Bipolaris yamadae as a causal agent of brown leaf spot in Megathyrsus maximus in Brazil.

ABSTRACT: Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) is widely used as a forage crop in Brazil, but its production faces disease threats. Recently, new symptoms, such as oblong to irregular brown lesions on leaves, have emerged in M. maximus across the country. Particularly severe symptoms were observed in the BRS Tamani cultivar, and some other genotypes showed lesion coalescence and intense leaf necrosis. This study aimed to identify the cause of these symptoms. A fungus was isolated from the lesions and, using morphological measurements and molecular analysis of the ITS, GPDH and TEF-1α genes, it was identified as Bipolaris yamadae. Pathogenicity tests confirmed its ability to cause disease in M. maximus cv. Tamani. A field survey of 205 M. maximus genotypes showed severe symptoms in 8.35 % of the materials. RESUMO: O capim-colonião (Megathyrsus maximus) é amplamente utilizado como cultura forrageira no Brasil, mas sua produção enfrenta ameaças de doenças. Recentemente, novos sintomas, como lesões marrons oblongas a irregulares nas folhas, surgiram em M. maximus em todo o país. Sintomas particularmente severos foram observados na cultivar BRS Tamani, e alguns outros genótipos apresentaram coalescência de lesões e intensa necrose foliar. Objetivou-se identificar a causa desses sintomas. Um fungo foi isolado das lesões e, por meio de medidas morfológicas e análise molecular dos genes ITS, GPDH e TEF-1α, identificado como Bipolaris yamadae. Testes de patogenicidade confirmaram sua capacidade de causar doença em M. maximus cv. Tamani. Um levantamento de campo com 205 genótipos de M. maximus revelou sintomas severos em 8,35 % dos materiais.Título em português: Bipolaris yamadae como agente causal da mancha marrom em Megathyrsus maximus no Brasil

Influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing on alveolar bone loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in experimental periodontitis in rats, with or without systemic involvement, by means of histometric analysis of the furcation region. METHODS: Systematic search was done using PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE and ProQuest databases. Quantitative analysis of alveolar bone loss, with subcategories for the experimental periods studied, was performed. The analysis was performed through the mean difference (MD), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and according to SYRCLE guidelines. RESULTS: Nine studies were considered eligible. A statistically favorable difference was observed for the use of aPDT in all periods studied in systemically healthy animals at 7 (P < 0.00001; MD: -0.71; 95% CI: [-0.85, -0.58]; I2: 90%), 15 (P < 0.00001; MD: -0.49; 95% CI: [-0.62, -0.37]; I2: 88%), and 30 (P < 0.00001; MD: -0.53; 95% CI: [-0.65, -0.41]; I2: 80%) days postoperatively. The difference was also observed for modified animals at 7 (P < 0.00001; MD: -1.03; 95% CI: [-1.43, -0.62]; I2: 97%), 15 (P < 0.00001; MD: -1.04; 95% CI: [-1.62, -0.46]; I2: 99%), and 30 (P < 0.00001; MD: -0.88; 95% CI: [-1.37, -0.39]; I2: 97%) days postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The adjunctive use of aPDT favored the reduction of alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats, and this result was more evident in systemically compromised rats

Avaliação do estado nutricional de agroecossistemas de café orgânico no estado de Minas Gerais.

A produção de café orgânico vem se constituindo uma tendência necessária e irreversível do agronegócio brasileiro. Essa atividade tem-se destacado como uma alternativa de renda para alguns cafeicultores, devido à crescente demanda mundial por alimentos mais saudáveis. Entretanto, grande parte das técnicas propostas pela agricultura orgânica está sendo aplicada empiricamente no cultivo de café, principalmente no Estado de Minas Gerais, maior região produtora de café do Brasil. Levando-se em consideração a baixa fertilidade natural dos solos dessa região cafeeira, bem como a elevada extração de nutrientes pelo cafeeiro, objetivou-se neste trabalho identificar possíveis fatores limitantes para a produção orgânica do cafeeiro, relacionados à fertilidade do solo e ao estado nutricional das plantas. Foram realizadas avaliações da fertilidade do solo e análise das folhas em vinte e uma lavouras orgânicas representativas do Estado de Minas Gerais. As amostras de solo foram analisadas para determinação do pH, acidez potencial e dos teores de P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Al e matéria orgânica. As amostras foliares foram analisadas para determinação dos teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. Com base nos padrões de interpretação para cafeeiros convencionais propostos pela literatura, estabeleceram-se as freqüências com que os caracteres analisados foram inferiores aos critérios de interpretação da fertilidade do solo e estado nutricional das plantas. A análise dos dados foi realizada por estatística descritiva. Novos trabalhos nessa nova área são necessários, visando a uma melhor interpretação da análise foliar e da fertilidade do solo, quando se trabalha com café orgânico

Reação de genótipos provenientes de uma população de mapeamento para resistência a murcha de Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens e Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli em feijoeiro-comum.

Avaliou-se a ocorrência de murcha de curtobacterium (Cff) e murcha de fusarium (Fop) em plantas de feijoeiro provenientes de retrocruzamentos de duas cultivares, Ouro Branco e CNFP 10132, nas dependências da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão em Santo Antonio de Goiás-GO, sob condições de casa de vegetação. Foram utilizados 12 genótipos diferentes inoculados com os isolados Cff 33, Cff 25 e Fop 101, Fop 102. Os sintomas das doenças foram quantificados e seus resultados analisados estatisticamente. As avaliações das médias dos genótipos tanto inoculados com Cff, quanto com Fop apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação à resistência de cada um

Effects of butyl toluidine blue photosensitizer on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for experimental periodontitis treatment in rats.

AIM: This study evaluated three concentrations of butyl toluidine blue (BuTB) for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: EP was ligature-induced at the first mandibular molar in 105 rats. Ligature was removed after 7 days and animals were distributed into the following treatments: SRP, scaling and root planing (SRP) plus saline solution; BuTB-0.1, SRP plus BuTB at 0.1 mg/mL; aPDT-0.1, SRP plus BuTB at 0.1 mg/mL and InGaAlP diode laser (DL) irradiation; BuTB-0.5, SRP plus BuTB at 0.5 mg/mL; aPDT-0.5, SRP plus BuTB at 0.5 mg/mL and DL irradiation; BuTB-2.0, SRP plus BuTB at 2 mg/mL; aPDT-2.0, SRP plus BuTB at 2 mg/mL and DL irradiation. Five animals from each group were submitted to euthanasia at 7, 15 and 30 days post-treatment. The furcation area was submitted to histological, histometric and immunohistochemical (TGF-ß1, OCN and TRAP) analyses. RESULTS: aPDT-0.5 group presented a better tissue remodeling in all periods, resolution of the inflammatory response and bone neoformation areas at 30 days. aPDT-0.5 also resulted in higher immunolabeling patterns of TGF-ß1 at all periods (p < 0.05) and of OCN at 30 days (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: aPDT-0.5 showed the best benefits for inflammatory response and periodontal repair process

Germinated millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) flour improved the gut function and its microbiota composition in rats fed with high-fat high-fructose diet.

Germinated millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is a source of phenolic compounds that has potential prebiotic action. This study aims at evaluating the action of germinated pearl millet on gut function and its microbiota composition in Wistar rats fed with a high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet. In the first stage, lasting eight weeks, the experiment consisted of two groups: AIN93M (n = 10) and HFHF group (n = 20). In the second stage, which lasted ten weeks, the animals of the AIN-93M group (n = 10) were kept, while the HFHF group was dismembered into HFHF (HFHF diet, n = 10) and HFHF + millet (HFHF added 28.6% of germinated millet flour, n = 10) groups. After the 18th week, the urine of the animals was collected for the analysis of lactulose and mannitol intestinal permeability by urinary excretion. The histomorphometry was analyzed on the proximal colon and the fecal pH, concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and sequencing of microbiota were performed in cecum content. The Mothur v.1.44.3 software was used for data analysis of sequencing. Alpha diversity was estimated by Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indexes. Beta diversity was assessed by PCoA (Principal Coordinate Analysis). The functional predictive analysis was performed with PICRUSt2 software (version 2.1.2?b). Functional traits attributed to normalized OTU abundance were determined by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). In the results, germinated millet flour reduced Oscillibacter genus and Desulfobacterota phylum, while increasing the Eggerthellaceae family. Furthermore, germinated millet flour: increased beta diversity, cecum weight, and cecum/body weight ratio; improved gut histological parameters by increasing the depth and thickness of the crypt and the goblet cell count (p < 0.05); reduced (p < 0.05) the fecal pH and mannitol urinary excretion; increased (p < 0.05) the propionate short-chain fatty acid concentration. Thus, germinated millet has the potential to improve the composition of gut microbiota and the intestinal function of rats fed with an HFHF diet