Stock markets' integration analysis

Globalization brought increased attention to stock markets throughout the world. As a straightforward consequence of the economic integration between the European country members, the stock markets of these countries are expected to follow a path of steadily increasing integration due to the gradual intensification of the economic and monetary integration. However the establishment of EMU and the introduction of the common currency do not have the same effect on the European stock markets. The members of EMU were at different point of readiness when the final decision had been taken since many countries in EU were already taking part in other kind of integration initiatives. The main aim of this study is to analyze daily data of selected European stock markets in an attempt to point out significant changes in the degree of market integration among different stock markets using different econometric techniques.peer-reviewe

Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children

Since its first identification in Scotland, over 1,000 cases of unexplained paediatric hepatitis in children have been reported worldwide, including 278 cases in the UK1. Here we report an investigation of 38 cases, 66 age-matched immunocompetent controls and 21 immunocompromised comparator participants, using a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical methods. We detected high levels of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) DNA in the liver, blood, plasma or stool from 27 of 28 cases. We found low levels of adenovirus (HAdV) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in 23 of 31 and 16 of 23, respectively, of the cases tested. By contrast, AAV2 was infrequently detected and at low titre in the blood or the liver from control children with HAdV, even when profoundly immunosuppressed. AAV2, HAdV and HHV-6 phylogeny excluded the emergence of novel strains in cases. Histological analyses of explanted livers showed enrichment for T cells and B lineage cells. Proteomic comparison of liver tissue from cases and healthy controls identified increased expression of HLA class 2, immunoglobulin variable regions and complement proteins. HAdV and AAV2 proteins were not detected in the livers. Instead, we identified AAV2 DNA complexes reflecting both HAdV-mediated and HHV-6B-mediated replication. We hypothesize that high levels of abnormal AAV2 replication products aided by HAdV and, in severe cases, HHV-6B may have triggered immune-mediated hepatic disease in genetically and immunologically predisposed children

Stock Markets' Integration Analysis

Globalization brought increased attention to stock markets throughout the world. As a straightforward consequence of the economic integration between the European country members, the stock markets of these countries are expected to follow a path of steadily increasing integration due to the gradual intensification of the economic and monetary integration. However the establishment of EMU and the introduction of the common currency do not have the same effect on the European stock markets. The members of EMU were at different point of readiness when the final decision had been taken since many countries in EU were already taking part in other kind of integration initiatives. The main aim of this study is to analyze daily data of selected European stock markets in an attempt to point out significant changes in the degree of market integration among different stock markets using different econometric techniques.