Pesticidi i polutanti životne sredine u organskom medu prema njihovoj raznolikosti u proizvodnim područjima u cilju zaštite zdravlja ljudi

U poslednjoj deceniji trend potrošnje meda je drastično porastao u svetu. Razlog je sve veći kcenat na konzumaciji meda zbog njegovih pozitivnih efekata na zdravlje zbog antibakterijskih i antioksidativnih svojstava meda. S druge strane, pesticidi, posebno insekticidi i akaricidi, su glavni uzročnici koji mogu da kontaminiraju med i ugroze njegov kvalitet. Iz tog razloga je određivanje ovih polutanata neophodno i važno, budući da je upotreba pesticida svake godine sve veća zbog potrebe proizvodnje hrane, a mnogi od njih se nakon upotrebe dugo nalaze u životnoj sredini. Na ovaj način pčele i med se mogu svrstati u ekološke indikatore. Savremene tehnike, kao što je gasna hromatografija sa masenom detekcijom, imaju mogućnost da detektuju veliki broj pesticida istovremeno na nivou tragova. Ekstrakcija pesticida iz meda je veliki analitički izazov zbog složenosti matriksa koji sadrži oko 300 hemijskih jedinjenja iz različitih grupa kao što su šećeri (monosaharidi i oligosaharidi), organske kiseline, aminokiseline, enzimi, hormoni, flavonoidi, vitamini, eterična ulja i steroli. Različiti pristupi zasnovani na novim sorbentima u fazi prečišćavanja tokom postupka pripreme nedavno su evaluirani kako bi se dobili zadovoljavajući parametri validacije metode. Brza metoda prečišćavanja korišćenjem disperzivne ekstrakcije čvrste faze obezbeđuje način da se dobiju čisti ekstrakti sa odličnim rezultatima za spajk. Poslednjih godina je veliki broj naučnih publikacija koje su razvile osetljivu i tačnu metodu za određivanje rezidua pesticida u uzorcima meda. Fokus istraživanja bio je na validaciji metode za određivanje organohlornih pesticida, amitraza i 2,4 dimetilanilina u medu proizvedenom u Srbiji. Cilj je bio da se validira metoda kako bi se pronašao najpouzdaniji odgovor na pitanje o bezbednosti meda na teritoriji Republike Srbije i odgovor na pitanje o prisustvu rezidua pesticida u medu. Rezultati istraživanja su rezultati dobijenih analiza o prisustvu pesticida u različitim vrstama meda iz Srbije. Dalje je prikazan pregled rezultata drugih autora, kako o najnovijim rezultatima ispitivanog meda, tako i o prisustvu polutanata u zemljama u okruženjuIn the last decade, the consumption trend of honey has increased dramatically in the world. The reason is the growing emphasis on the consumption of honey due to its positive effects on health due to the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of honey. On the other hand, pesticides, especially insecticides and acaricides, are the main causes that can contaminate honey and compromise its quality. For that reason, the determination of these pollutants is necessary and important, since the use of pesticides is increasing every year due to the need to produce food, and many of them are in the environment for a long time after use. In this way, bees and honey can be classified as environmental indicators. Modern techniques, such as gas chromatography with mass detection, have the ability to detect a large number of pesticides simultaneously at the trace level. Extraction of pesticides from honey is a great analytical challenge due to the complexity of the matrix containing about 300 chemical compounds from different groups such as sugars (monosaccharides and oligosaccharides), organic acids, amino acids, enzymes, hormones, flavonoids, vitamins, essential oils and sterols. Different approaches based on novel sorbents for clean-up step in preparation procedure have been recently evaluated in order to obtain satisfactory method validation parameters. A quick purification method using dispersive solid phase extraction provides a way to obtain pure extracts with excellent recovery results. In recent years, a large number of scientific publications have developed a sensitive and accurate method for pesticide residue determination in honey samples. The focus of the research was on the validation of the method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides, amitraz and 2, 4 dimethylaniline in honey produced in Serbia. The aim was to validate the method in order to find the most reliable answer to the question about the safety of honey in the territory of the Republic of Serbia and the answer to the question about the presence of pesticide residues in honey. The results of the research are the results of the obtained analyzes on the presence of pesticides in different types of honey from Serbia. Further it gives an overview of the results of other authors, as about the latest results of the examined honey and the presence of contaminants in the surrounding countries

Dependency Structures in Differentially Coded Cardiovascular Time Series

Objectives. This paper analyses temporal dependency in the time series recorded from aging rats, the healthy ones and those with early developed hypertension. The aim is to explore effects of age and hypertension on mutual sample relationship along the time axis. Methods. A copula method is applied to raw and to differentially coded signals. The latter ones were additionally binary encoded for a joint conditional entropy application. The signals were recorded from freely moving male Wistar rats and from spontaneous hypertensive rats, aged 3 months and 12 months. Results. The highest level of comonotonic behavior of pulse interval with respect to systolic blood pressure is observed at time lags τ=0, 3, and 4, while a strong counter-monotonic behavior occurs at time lags τ=1 and 2. Conclusion. Dynamic range of aging rats is considerably reduced in hypertensive groups. Conditional entropy of systolic blood pressure signal, compared to unconditional, shows an increased level of discrepancy, except for a time lag 1, where the equality is preserved in spite of the memory of differential coder. The antiparallel streams play an important role at single beat time lag

Hemijski sastav M. Semimembranosus i M. Longissimus Thoracis et Lumborum svinja pet čistih rasa odgajanih u Vojvodini

U ovom radu utvrđen je sadržaj vlage, proteina, ukupne masti i ukupnog pepela u M. semimembranosus (SM) i M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) pet čistih rasa svinja: Velika Bela (n=118), Landras (n=116), Durok (n=112), Hempšir (n=112) i Pietren (n=121), odgajanih u Vojvodini. Osnovni hemijski sastav određen je ISO metodama. Ukupno, prosečan sadržaj (g/100g) vlage, proteina, ukupne masti i ukupnog pepela u svim ispitanim mišićima SM i LTL (n=1158) je bio: 75.68, 21.73, 1.36 i 1.14, respektivno. Svinjsko meso proizvedeno u Vojvodini pokazuje sličan sadržaj vlage, proteina, masti i pepela u poređenju sa sadržajima utvrđenim u drugim zemljama

Hemijski sastav jetri i bubrega svinja pet čistih rasa odgajanih u Vojvodini

In this paper the content of moisture, protein, total fat and total ash in the M. semimembranosus (SM) and M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) from five purebred pigs: Large White (n=118), Landrace (n=116), Duroc (n=112), Hampshire (n=112) and Pietrain (n=121), reared in Vojvodina was determined. Components of proximate composition were determined by ISO methods. Overall, the average content (g/100g) of moisture, protein, total fat and total ash in all the SM and LTL (n=1158) was: 75.68, 21.73, 1.36 and 1.14, respectively. The Vojvodian pork showed same moisture, protein, total fat and total ash content compared with the values found in other countries.U ovom radu utvrđen je sadržaj vlage, proteina, ukupne masti i ukupnog pepela u jetrama i bubrezima svinja pet čistih rasa: Velika Bela (n=118), Landras (n=116), Durok (n=112), Hempšir (n=112) i Pietren (n=121), odgajanih u Vojvodini. Osnovni hemijski sastav određen je ISO metodama. Rasa svinja ne utiče značajno (P>0.05), dok vrsta iznutrice utiče značajno (P<0.05; P<0.001) na sadržaj vlage, proteina, ukupne masti i ukupnog pepela. Prosečan sadržaj (g/100g) vlage, proteina, ukupne masti i ukupnog pepela u svim ispitanim jetrama (n=579) je bio: 71.05, 21.34, 3.24 i 1.48, dok je u svim ispitanim bubrezima (n=579) bio: 79.43, 16.16, 3.13 i 1.20, respektivno

The Real-Life Effectiveness and Care Patterns of Diabetes Management Study for Balkan Region (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria): A Multicenter, Observational, Cross-Sectional Study

INTRODUCTION: Recent large randomized controlled trials highlighted the clinical significance of hypoglycemic episodes in the treatment of diabetes. The present survey was conducted to provide information from real-life practice on the incidence of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients treated with sulfonylureas. METHODS: This multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study collected data on incidence of side effects of sulfonylurea-based therapy in type 2 diabetic patients in four countries of the Balkan region (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria) from October 2014 to June 2015. RESULTS: Of the 608 who participated in the study, 573 patients (mean age 67.2 years, mean body mass index 29.9 kg/m2) met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. More than 90% of the patients were treated with the newer generation sulfonylureas- gliclazide or glimepiride-either as monotherapy or as dual therapy in combination with metformin. In total, 210 patients (36.6%) reported hypoglycemic episode(s) in the last 6 months. Mild episodes were reported by 132 patients (62.8%), moderate by 66 (31.2%), severe by 8 patients (4.0%), and very severe by 4 patients (2%), respectively. Overall, 171 patients (28.2%) reported body weight increase during the previous year. The mean reported body weight gain in this group of patients was 4.2 kg (SD 2.7, median 3). Among them, 68.1% gained less than 5 kg, 25.0% gained 5-9 kg, and the rest gained more than 10 kg. CONCLUSION: Although newer generation sulfonylureas are generally considered safe in terms of hypoglycemia, our data indicates their use is associated with substantial risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain. Clinicians should be mindful of these findings when prescribing SUs and inform patients about the risk of hypoglycemia

Comprehensive qualitative evaluation of the first ever full-time online course for medical students in one middle-income country

ABSTRACTThe measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic in the academic 2020/2021 included full-time online courses for medical students in Serbia for the first time since the faculty was founded in 1920. The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and opinions about the full-time online course among medical students and their teachers. A qualitative study was carried out in the autumn of 2021. In-depth interviews were conducted with 38 participants (27 students in the 4th study year and 11 teachers who teach in the 3rd study year) about their experiences in the past academic year. To select study participants, purposive sampling was employed. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was applied. Five topics emerged: 1) Theoretical online learning, 2) Practical online learning, 3) Motivation, 4) Technical aspects of online learning and 5) Evaluation of knowledge. Overall, students’ attitudes toward theoretical classes were mostly negative, but the attitudes of teachers were mostly positive. However, the attitudes of both students and teachers toward practical online classes were mostly negative. Students were, in general, less motivated to follow online classes compared to conventional courses, even though the teachers felt that they had to put more effort into making a suitable online course. Most participants considered that the online classes had a negative impact on their knowledge and practical skills, but their academic achievement was not inferior compared to previous years. The full-time online course should include conventional on-site teaching. The relevance of acquiring practical skills is strongly emphasized

The Real-Life Effectiveness and Care Patterns of Diabetes Management Study for Balkan Region (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria): A Multicenter, Observational, Cross-Sectional Study

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