10,616 research outputs found
Defects in Four-Dimensional Continua: A Paradigm for the Expansion of the Universe?
The presence of defects in material continua is known to produce internal
permanent strained states. Extending the theory of defects to four dimensions
and allowing for the appropriate signature, it is possible to apply these
concepts to space-time. In this case a defect would induce a non-trivial metric
tensor, which can be interpreted as a gravitational field. The image of a
defect in space-time can be applied to the description of the Big Bang. A
review of the four-dimensional generalisation of defects and an application to
the expansion of the universe will be presented.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures. Prepared for the Proceedings of Geometry,
Integrability and Quantization X, held in Varna, 6-10 June 2008. Will be
published by the Journal of Geometry and Symmetry in Physics. Fixed a LATEX
problem with figure
Relativistic positioning and Sagnac-like measurements for fundamental physics in space
The paper concerns the use of satellites of the Galileo constellation for
relativistic positioning and for measurements of the gravito-magnetic effects
induced by the angular momentum both of the Earth and of the dark halo of the
Milky Way. The experimental approach is based on the generalized Sagnac effect,
induced both by the rotation of the device and the fact that the observer is
located within the gravitational field of a spinning mass. Among the possible
sources there is also the angular momentum of the dark halo of the Milky Way.
Time modulation of the expected signal would facilitate its disentanglement
from the other contributions. The modulation could be obtained using satellites
located on different orbital planes.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures. To appear on Advances in Space Researc
Four Dimensional Elasticity and General Relativity
It has been shown that the extension of the elasticity theory in more than
three dimensions allows a description of space-time as a properly stressed
medium, even recovering the Minkowski metric in the case of uniaxial stress.
The fundamental equation for the metric in the theory is shown to be the
equilibrium equation for the medium. Examples of spherical and cylindrical
symmetries in four dimensions are considered, evidencing convergencies and
divergencies with the classical general relativity theory. Finally the possible
meaning of the dynamics of the four dimensional elastic medium is discussed.Comment: 10 pages; LATEX, uses thmsa.sty now sent to enable PS conversion; to
appear on Gravitation & Cosmolog
Testing General Relativity
This lecture will present a review of the past and present tests of the
General Relativity theory. The essentials of the theory will be recalled and
the measurable effects will be listed and analyzed. The main historical
confirmations of General Relativity will be described. Then, the present
situation will be reviewed presenting a number of examples. The opportunities
given by astrophysical and astrometric observations will be shortly discussed.
Coming to terrestrial experiments the attention will be specially focused on
ringlasers and a dedicated experiment for the Gran Sasso Laboratories, named by
the acronym GINGER, will be presented. Mention will also be made of
alternatives to the use of light, such as particle beams and superfluid rings.Comment: The paper will appear on Proceedings of Science: Gran Sasso Summer
Institute 201
Experimental determination of gravitomagnetic effects by means of ring lasers
A new experiment aimed to the detection of the gravito-magnetic Lense-Thirring effect at the surface of the Earth will be presented; the name of the experiment is GINGER. The proposed technique is based on the behavior of light beams in ring lasers, also known as gyrolasers. A three-dimensional array of ringlasers will be attached to a rigid monument; each ring will have a different orientation in space. Within the space-time of a rotating mass the propagation of light is indeed anisotropic; part of the anisotropy is purely kinematical (Sagnac effect), part is due to the interaction between the gravito-electric field of the source and the kinematical motion of the observer (de Sitter effect), finally there is a contribution from the gravito-magnetic component of the Earth (gravito-magnetic frame dragging or Lense-Thirring effect). In a ring laser a light beam traveling counterclockwise is superposed to another beam traveling in the opposite sense. The anisotropy in the propagation leads to standing waves with slightly different frequencies in the two directions; the final effect is a beat frequency proportional to the size of the instrument and its effective rotation rate in space, including the gravito-magnetic drag. Current laser techniques and the performances of the best existing ring lasers allow at the moment a sensitivity within one order of magnitude of the required accuracy for the detection of gravito-magnetic effects, so that the objective of GINGER is in the range of feasibility and aims to improve the sensitivity of a couple of orders of magnitude with respect to present. The experiment will be underground, probably in the Gran Sasso National Laboratories in Italy, and is based on an international collaboration among four Italian groups, the Technische Universitaet Muenchen and the University of Canterbury in Christchurch (NZ
A tensor theory of space-time as a strained material continuum
The classical theory of strain in material continua is reviewed and
generalized to space-time. Strain is attributed to "external" (matter/energy
fields) and intrinsic sources fixing the global symmetry of the universe
(defects in the continuum). A Lagrangian for space-time is worked out, adding
to the usual Hilbert term an "elastic" contribution from intrinsic strain. This
approach is equivalent to a peculiar tensor field, which is indeed part of the
metric tensor. The theory gives a configuration of space-time accounting both
for the initial inflation and for the late acceleration. Considering also the
contribution from matter the theory is used to fit the luminosity data of type
Ia supernovae, giving satisfactory results.Comment: Revised to match the version accepted for publication in Class.
Quantum Gra
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