88 research outputs found

    Educational outcomes of a new curriculum on interproximal oral prophylaxis for dental students

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    International audienceObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a preclinical oral prophylaxis education program by examining the effectiveness of the teaching module on changes to the students' attitudes towards their individual hygiene behaviors with interdental brushes (IDBs). Methods As being part of a new didactic program on oral interproximal prophylaxis, all preclinical third-year students (n = 96) enrolled in the 2014/15 academic year received theoretical, pre-clinical, and clinical lessons on interproximal prophylaxis. The evaluation of educational outcomes was linked to observed changes in students' hygiene behaviors using interdental brushes. Knowledge, skills, attitudes, satisfaction, competence and performance were also explored. The evaluation interviews were recorded at each recall, i.e., 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 1 year after baseline. Results Motivation to use IDBs is clearly related to the perception of the effectiveness of the brushes and the perception of bleeding reduction. At one week, 89.6% of subjects reported using IDBs. Individual use decreased significantly from one week to one month (-26%, p = 0.006) while a non-significant upward trend occurred between one month and three months. Among students reporting usage of IDBs at 1 year (20.8%), only 2.0% used IDBs daily. Most students would recommend IDBs to other people at the beginning (69.8%). However, this share dropped to 50% at 3 months. IDB-users prescribed more than non-users

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    Détermination de l'âge et du sexe et modélisation de la canine en anthropologie médico-légale

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    Les mĂ©thodes osseuses de diagnose sexuelle donnent d’excellents rĂ©sultats, avec des taux de bonnes prĂ©dictions du sexe supĂ©rieurs Ă  90%. NĂ©anmoins, les Ă©lĂ©ments osseux ne sont pas toujours disponibles et, lorsqu’ils le sont, selon les causes de la mort et/ou les conditions de conservation du corps, ils peuvent avoir Ă©tĂ© lourdement dĂ©gradĂ©s. Pour parvenir Ă  dĂ©terminer le sexe d’un individu dans ces situations lĂ , des techniques dentaires de diagnose sexuelle sont nĂ©cessaires.Contrairement Ă  la dĂ©termination du sexe, la problĂ©matique de la dĂ©termination de l’âge a fait l’objet de nombreuses Ă©tudes et d’autant de propositions de techniques diffĂ©rentes, signe d’une insuffisance de l’ensemble de ces mĂ©thodes, que la littĂ©rature n’a pas manquĂ© de mettre en exergue.Le premier objectif de ce travail est de proposer une technique dentaire de dĂ©termination du sexe simple et prĂ©cise, de façon Ă  pouvoir rĂ©pondre Ă  cette problĂ©matique anthropologique de façon fiable en l’absence d’autres Ă©lĂ©ments du squelette.Le second est de dĂ©velopper une mĂ©thode d’estimation de l’âge de mise en Ĺ“uvre facile, rapide et ne nĂ©cessitant ni un plateau technique lourd, ni la dĂ©tĂ©rioration du matĂ©riel, pour une application aussi bien anthropologique que mĂ©dico-lĂ©gale. L’échantillon d’apprentissage Ă©tait composĂ© de 210 scanners d’individus prĂ©sentant chacun 4 canines saines. L’échantillon d’application Ă©tait composĂ© de 55 scanners d’individus, prĂ©sentant chacun au moins 1 canine saine. Les volumes pulpaire et total de chaque dent ont Ă©tĂ© modĂ©lisĂ©s et calculĂ©s Ă  l’aide du logiciel Mimics. Une rĂ©gression logistique binaire a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer sept modèles de prĂ©diction du sexe, en fonction du nombre et du type de canines exploitables. La comparaison des aires sous la courbe ROC a mis en Ă©vidence une plus grande performance du modèle utilisant les volumes des 4 canines. La mĂ©thode des moindres carrĂ©s pondĂ©rĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer les Ă©quations d’estimation de l’âge pour les sept mĂŞmes modèles. Une plus grande performance du modèle utilisant les volumes des 2 canines maxillaires a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence. Toutes ces rĂ©gressions ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©es sur l’échantillon d’application pour procĂ©der Ă  leur validation externe.Il s’avère que dans un contexte scientifique historique oĂą les canines mandibulaires constituaient l’outil dentaire de rĂ©fĂ©rence dans la diagnose sexuelle, la modĂ©lisation tridimensionnelle souligne l’intĂ©rĂŞt potentiel de leurs homologues maxillaires. Par ailleurs, il semblerait que l’évaluation de la rĂ©duction pulpaire physiologique, imputable Ă  l’apposition naturelle de dentine secondaire sur les canines uniquement, soit un critère performant dans la dĂ©termination de l’âge.A dĂ©faut d’être parfaits, les modèles proposĂ©s Ă  l’issue cette Ă©tude permettent donc toutefois de disposer d’élĂ©ments fiables, qui ont toute leur place dans l’indispensable faisceau de preuves, nĂ©cessaire Ă  la dĂ©termination de l’âge et du sexe dans le cadre d’une identification estimative.The bone methods of sexual diagnosis give excellent results, with rates of good predictions over 90%. Nonetheless, bones are not always available and, when they are, according to the causes of death and/or storage conditions of the body, they may have been severely degraded. To be able to determine the sex of an individual in these situations, dental techniques of sexual diagnosis are needed.In contrast to sex determination, the problem of age estimation has been the topic of many studies and so many different techniques, evidence of failure of all these methods, which the literature did not fail to highlight.The first aim of this work was to propose a simple and accurate dental technique for determining sex, in order to resolve this anthropological issue, reliably in the absence of other elements of the skeleton.The second was to develop a method for estimating the age of easy and fast implĂ©mentation, neither requiring a heavy technical support nor damage to material, for an application as well in forensics as in anthropology.The training sample consisted of 210 subjects’ CT-scans, each with four canines healthy. The validation sample was composed of 55 CT-scans, each with at least one healthy canine. Pulp and total volumes of each tooth were modeled and calculated using the software Mimics . A binary logistic regression was used to determine seven prediction models of sex, according to the number and type of canine available in practice. The comparison of the areas under the ROC curve showed a greater performance of the model using the volumes of the four canines. The weighted least squares method was used to determine the equations for estimating the age for the same seven models. Greater performance of the model using the volumes of maxillary canines has been demonstrated. All these regressions were tested on the validation sample to perform their external validation.It turns out that in a scientific context where historical mandibular canines were the reference tool in the sex diagnosis, three-dimensional modeling emphasizes the potential value of maxillary counterparts. Moreover, it appears that the evaluation of the physiological pulp reduction, due to the natural apposition of secondary dentine on canines only, is a performance criterion in determining age.The models proposed in this study can therefore have reliable evidence, which all have all their place in the necessary body of evidence for determining age and sex, in estimating identification

    RĂ©ponses parodontales au bruxisme

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