The Interrelation between Natural Enemies of the Invasive Plant Lepidium draba L., Established in a Natural Pasture in Eastern Romania

Lepidium draba L. (family Brasicaceae), originally from Europe, is a problematic plant in many agricultural ecosystems in Romania. A literature survey revealed that 196 phytophagous organisms are associated with L. draba, and 80 of them were found during field surveys. In Romania Ceutorhynchus cardariae, Psylliodes wrasei, and Aceria drabae are the most promising biological agents available for controlling L. draba. Observations were made in natural pastures by the Department of Iassy in eastern Romania in 2008. The most common invasive species were Xanthium italicum, Xanthium spinosum, Elaeagnus angustifolia, L. draba, Euphorbia cyparissias, and Verbascum phlomoides, which dramatically decrease ecosystem productivity. Here we present results obtained based on field test-plant relationship phytophagy between L. draba L. and P. wrasei Leonardi and Arnold. We studied plants of the Brasicaceae family: L. draba, L. crenatum, Armoracia rusticana, and Barbarea orthoceras. Test plots comprised four L. draba planted 5 cm apart, with two test plants (L. draba, L. crenatum, B. orthoceras, or A. rusticana) planted at one of three planting distances (30 cm, 15 cm, and 5 cm) on each side of the central plants. Each planting distance variant was repeated four times, and for each variant all observations were made on 16 central L. draba plants and 8 of each test plant: L. draba, L. crenatum, B. orthoceras and A. rusticana. A total of 144 plants was studied: 48 central L. draba plants and 96 of each test species. These results do not contradict previous evidence that oligophagous species P. wrasei controls the L. draba. P. wrasei is also a potential biologic control agent for B. orthoceras (American yellowrocket), which is native to North America, including much of Canada and the western United States, as well as parts of Asia

OBSERVATIONS ON THE STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS AND ABUNDANCE OF SPECIES OF EPIGEE COLEOPTERS IN ORCHARDS APPLE HAVING THE RANGE BETWEEN ROWS WITH HERBED BANDS

The observations were made in 2017 in a orchars apple plantation in Delesti – Vaslui area with the inter-line spacing in the form of grass strips, with the species Bromus inermis Leyss.To collect the material, in 2017 it was used Barber soil traps which were installed in the orchard, on the grassy interval between the previously mentioned species. During the vegetation period, from April to September, the insects were also collected from the traps, retaining and determining the beetle species.The material was collected periodically, at intervals of about 10-15 days, in total, 10 harvests. Among the collected species we mention: Harpalus calceatus, Dermestes laniarius, Harpalus distinguendus, Anysodactilus signatus, Otiorrhynchus porcatus, Aphthona euphorbiae, Malachius bipustulatus etc

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE EPIGEE COLEOPTEROPHUNA FROM APPLE TREE ORCHARDS WITH GRASSED BANDS BETWEEN ROWS SOWED WITH GUIDES (LOTUS CORNICULATUS)

In preparing this work, the material collected with the help of the soil traps type BARBER, of the "wet" type, was used in an apple tree orchards  in the Deleşti area, Vaslui county. The traps operated from May to September inclusive.The material from the traps was harvested periodically, throughout the vegetation period, depending on the pedoclimatic conditions, generally at intervals of 10-12 days.At each of the 10 collections of the material, the liquid in the trap was replaced. The material was then determined, identifying the species of beetles.The most frequently collected and the most numerous species are presented below: Harpalus calceatus (75 specimens), Harpalus pubescens (49 specimens), Anysodactilus binotatus (48 specimens), Harpalus tenebrosus (43 specimens)

REACHING THE OBJECTIVES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ON THE BASIS OF THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES – A SOUTH AND EASTERN EUROPEAN ANALYSIS

The reduction of the development gap of South and East European economy compared with the rest of the developed countries represent an important condition to achieve the goal of „healthy development” of European Union. High level of competitiveness in West European industries as well as new policy of sustainable development causes a rethinking of strategy of individual countries. Creative industries may contribute to the efficient utilization of local resources and individual characteristics. Using the culture like an ”engine” of regional development, in South and Eastern Europe, countries can generate many positive and lasting effects on these economies. This article presents the role and evolution of creative goods and industries in South and Eastern European countries, and aims to prefigure their impact on sustainable development of these regions. The involvement of these goods in international trade may improve or rehabilitate the position of different economies at European level.JEL Codes - O11, O17, Q5

DYNAMICS OF THE APPEARANCE THE PEST DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA, IN THE MAIZE CROPS OF NEAMŢ COUNTRY, UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF 2019

Research on the dynamics of the appearance of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera was made in the frame of a farmland cultivated with maize in Neamt county. The biological material collected using sticky yellow traps during the year 2019 from June to August. The variants and repetitions of the experience were organized according to the mode of protection of culture and according to the treatment applied, and thus resulted in three variants as follows:Variant 1 - untreated maize; Variant 2 - ground treatment with granulated insecticide FORCE G 1.5; Variant 3 - treatment of the seed with Seedoprid 600 FS.During the entire period of observation, a total of 5313 adult specimens of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera were collected, where the first alert of the adult was made on 12 June, and its last registration was on 16 August

DYNAMICS OF THE APPEARANCE THE DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA, IN THE CORN CROPS OF NEAMŢ COUNTY, UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF 2020 IN DIFFEREND TILLAGE SYSTEM

In order to establish the optimal moment of carrying out the treatments for the control of the adults, the dynamics of the appearance for Diabrotica virgifera virgifera is very important step in warning of treatments and their effectiveness.The research was carried out, in the corn cultivars from Neamt County. The biological material collected using sticky yellow traps during the year 2020 from June to September.The experience and randomization were organized according to the mode of protection of culture and according to the treatment applied, and thus resulted in three variants as follows three variants : variant 1 - no tillage work system, variant 2, minimum tillage work system and variant 3 , conventional tillage work system. In all variants the soil have was treated with granulated FORCE G 1.5 insecticide, active ingredient 1.5%, (Syngenta) at a dose of 15 kg ha.During the entire period of observation, a total of 5810 adult specimens of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera were collected, where the first alert of the adult was made on 15  June, and its last registration was on 15 September

Recognition and Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms for Bipartite Chain Graphs

In this paper we give a recognition algorithm in O(n(n+m)) time for bipartite chain graphs, and directly calculate the density of such graphs. For their stability number and domination number, we give algorithms comparable to the existing ones. We point out some applications of bipartite chain graphs in chemistry and approach the Minimum Chain Completion problem