Cultivating in the Indigenous Way, Eating in the National Way: Changing Food and Identity among the Malo, Southwestern Ethiopia

This article is a revised and updated version of the author’s previous article published in Japanese (Fujimoto 2019).Although teff (Eragrostis tef) is a minor cereal worldwide, it is cultivated most extensively in Ethiopia and still expanded in cultivation area. This article considers why this millet is so important in this region by analyzing the case of the Malo society in southwestern Ethiopia. Their indigenous techniques used for cultivating teff suggest that they have been cultivating it since long before the incorporation of their territory into the Ethiopian empire at the end of 19th century. However, it is also known that teff cultivation began extensively in this area no more than a half century ago. Although several factors contribute to the expansion of teff cultivation, the most important factor is the adoption of a national food item known as injera in the mid-1970s. Malo people knew about it before but did not eat it because it was strongly associated with the imperial settlers who exploited them. Following the Ethiopian revolution during 1974–1975, however, they started to enjoy injera. Currently, it is one of their most popular dietary items consumed on holidays and at markets. Not only the taste of injera but also the rising identity of the people as Ethiopians seem to be involved with the food's popularity

Pairing symmetries of multiple superconducting phases in UTe2: Competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic fluctuations

The putative spin-triplet superconductor UTe2 exhibits multiple superconducting phases under applied pressure [D. Braithwaite et al., Commun. Phys. 2, 147 (2019)]. The clarification of pairing mechanisms and symmetries of gap functions are essentially important for understanding the multiple-phase diagram. Since the coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations with Ising-like anisotropy is suggested from measurements of magnetic susceptibilities and neutron scattering measurements, it is expected that the interplay between these spin fluctuations plays a crucial role in the emergence of the multiple superconducting phases. Motivated by these observations, we examine the spin-fluctuation-mediated pairing mechanism, analyzing the linearized Eliashberg equations for an effective model of f-electron bands. It is found that the Ising-like ferromagnetic fluctuations stabilize spin-triplet pairings in either the Au or B3u states, whereas Ising-like antiferromagnetic fluctuations stabilize spin-triplet pairings in the B1u state. These results provide a plausible scenario elucidating the multiple superconducting phases under pressure.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Introduction to the Supplementary Issue “Progress in African Food Culture Research”

Historically, food cultures in various parts of Africa have been nurtured through the interrelationships among people, crops and the natural environment. However, the study on food in sub-Saharan Africa so far has largely been confined to agriculture and food production; there has been little discussions on consumption patterns or eating cultures. Based on fieldwork in rural villages and literature studies, this supplementary issue focuses on the diverse food choices made by local farmers in sub-Saharan Africa in the context of crop selection and consumption and analyzes indigenous knowledge that informs farmers' choices. Moreover, it considers the relationships among the natural environment, crops and food cultures, and should facilitate future study of food cultures in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere

Possible Realization of Topological Crystalline Superconductivity with Time-Reversal Symmetry in UTe2

The recent measurement of the de Haas-van Alphen effect in the spin-triplet superconductor UTe2 [D. Aoki et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 91, 083704 (2022)] supports cylindrical electron and hole Fermi surfaces, which implies that UTe2 is trivial as a 3D time-reversal-invariant topological superconductor. Inspired by this observation, we investigate the possible realization of a topological crystalline superconductor protected by the crystalline symmetry of UTe2. We examine Majorana surface states protected by mirror and two-fold rotational symmetries for all symmetry-allowed odd-parity pairing states with time-reversal symmetry and clarify the corresponding topological invariants. It is found that topological crystalline superconductivity can be realized for all irreducible representations of odd-parity pairing states of UTe2 even for cylindrical Fermi surfaces.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Enhanced 2π2\pi-periodic Aharonov-Bohm Effect as a Signature of Majorana Zero Modes Probed by Nonlocal Measurements

We propose the $2\pi$-periodic Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect as a nonlocal probe of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) without the restriction of fermion parity. We demonstrate the enhancement of the AB effect, where the topological protection of MZMs yields amplified and robust Andreev reflection mediated by MZMs at multiple superconductor-normal metal junctions. We investigate the influence of trivial bound states and show that a nonlocal index enables a more explicit distinction between the trivial and topological bound states than local probes.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figure

Beitrage von Tranz-Kurturischen Vergleichen uber Definitionen und Entstehungen vom Itami (Leiden und Schmerzen) : in Monotheismus. Althem Buddhismus, Japanischem Feld, Medhizinischem Feld

On this Studies Sufferings are interpreted as Phenomena of human being. Therefore Cross-Cultural Comparison Studies about Mankinds Interpretations of Surrering is mentioned., on the Chapter 1, Definitions and Geneses of Passion. Paschein. Pathos. Leiden in Chiristianity Judaism. and Islam on Monotheism. on the Chapter 2, Definitions and Interpretations of Dukkaha in Early Buddhisum. on the Chapter 3, Definitions and Geneses of Emotional Itammi in Japanese Field. and on the Chapter 4, Defenitions and Interpretations of Rational Pains in Medical field.この論文は、人間の苦痛・痛みを人間存在の現象として捉え、人類が「痛み」の減少をどのように解釈してきたかを、比較文明論的に解明するものである。第1章はキリスト教、ユダヤ教、イスラム教の一神教における「受難」を中心に、第2章では初期仏教の「苦」概念を、第三章では日本的土壌における心情的「痛み」理解を、第4章では、17世紀以来「痛み」概念の主流となった医学的領域の合理的「痛み」解釈について、比較文化論的に考察する