The ich1 gene of the mushroom Coprinus cinereus is essential for pileus formation in fruiting

The formation of the pileus in homobasidiomycete fungi is essential for sexual reproduction, because the pileus bears the hymenium, a layer of cells that includes the specialised basidia in which nuclear fusion, meiosis and sporulation occur. The developmental mutant ichijiku of Coprinus cinereus fails to develop a differentiated pileus at the apex of the primordial shaft, which is the basal part of the fruit-body primordia and formed in an early stage of fruit-body differentiation. Genetic analysis indicates that this phenotype is caused by a recessive mutation in a single gene (ich1). The ich1 gene was mapped to chromosome XII using restriction fragment length polymorphism markers and the marker chromosome method, and cloned by complementation using a chromosome-XII-specific cosmid library. The ich1 gene encodes a novel protein of 1,353 amino acids. The Ich1 amino-acid sequence contains nuclear targeting signals, suggesting that the Ich1 protein would function in the nucleus. Northern blot analysis indicates that the ich1 gene is specifically expressed in the pileus of the wild-type fruit-body. No ich1 mRNA was detected in the ichijiku mutant, consistent with loss of the promoter region of ich1 in the mutant genome. These data demonstrate that the ick1 gene product is essential for pileus formation.</p

高透水化のためのポリアミド膜の分離機能層構造制御

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(工学)Engineeringdoctora

Neoiriepentaol and nangenyne, halogenated diterpenoid and C15-acetogenin from red alga Laurencia nangii Masuda collected in Borneo [2018]

The red algal genus Laurencia is a prolific producer of halogenated secondary metabolites. A new tricyclic dibrominated diterpenoid, neoiriepentaol (1) and chlorinated C₁₅-acetogenin, nangenyne (2), along with two known terpenoids, neoirietetraol (3) and dactyloxene A (4), were isolated from methanol crude extract of red alga Laurencia nangii. The structures were established based on one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) data. These compounds were screened against seven species of marine fungi. Compounds 1–3 exhibited activity against Lagenidium thermophilum and Haliphthoros sabahensis. Potent activity was showed by 1 with L. thermophilum hyphal inhibition at MIC value of 12.5 μg mL⁻¹ and hyphal motility was observed at 50 μg mL⁻¹ within 24 h

Nangallenes A and B, halogenated nonterpenoid C15-acetogenins from the Bornean red alga Laurencia nangii

Two new halogenated nonterpenoids C15-acetogenins, nangallenes A-B (1–2), together with two known halogenated compounds itomanallene A (3) and 2,10-dibromo -3-chloro-α- chamigrene (4), were isolated and identified from the organic extract of the marine red alga Laurencia nangii Masuda collected from the coastal waters in Semporna, Borneo. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic analysis including IR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS), and 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All these metabolites were submitted for the antifungal assay against four species of selected marine fungi. Compounds 1–4 showed potent activity against Haliphthoros sabahensis and Lagenidium thermophilum

Two new epimers of C15-acetogenin, 4-epi-isolaurallene and 4-epi-itomanallene A as diastereomeric model

Two new C15-acetogenins, 4-epi-isolaurallene (1) and 4-epi-itomanallene A (2) were isolated from a population of marine red alga Laurencia nangii Masuda from Carrington Reef. The structures of these compounds were determined intensively by NMR and HRESIMS data. Their configurations were elucidated by detailed comparison of chemical shifts, germinal protons splitting and NOE correlations with known and synthesized analogues. In addition, antibacterial activities of these compounds were evaluated. These compounds would serve as diastereomeric models for future reference. Since the isolaurallene, neolaurallene, 9-acetoxy-1,10,12-tribromo-4,7:6,13-bisepoxypentadeca-1,2-diene, itomanallene A and laurendecumallene A were isolated, compounds 1 and 2 were the sixth example of C15-acetogenin with dioxabicyclo[7.3.0]dodecene skeleton

A new bioactive cembranoid sarcophytonolide V from Bornean soft coral genus Sarcophyton

A new cembranolide diterpene, sarcophytonolide V (1), along with 6 known compounds, isosarcophytonolide D (2), (4Z,8S*,9R*,12E,14E) -9-hydroxy-1- (prop-1-en-2-yl) -8,12- dimethyl- oxabicyclo[9.3.2]-hexadeca-4,12,14-trien-18-one (3), (7E,11E)-3,4-epoxy-7,11, 15- cembratriene (4), (1S*,3S*,4S*,7E,11E)-3,4-epoxy-13-oxo-7,11,15-cembratriene (5), (-) -eunicenone (6), and 2-[(E,E,E)-7′, 8′-epoxy-4′,8′,12′ -trimethylcyclotetradeca- 1′,3′,11′- trienyl] propan-2-ol (7) were isolated from the Bornean soft coral Sarcophyton sp. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS). These compounds were evaluated for their biological activity against marine pathogenic fungi

New cembrane-type diterpenoids from Bornean soft coral N ephthea sp. with antifungal activity against Lagenidium thermophilum

Three new cembrane diterpenes, nephthecrassocolides A-B (1–2) and 6-acetoxy nephthenol acetate (3) along with three known compounds, 6-acetoxy-7,8-epoxy nephthenol acetate (4), epoxy nephthenol acetate (5) and nephthenol (6) were isolated from one population of Nephthea sp. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data analysis and the antifungal activities of compounds 1–6 were evaluated