Note on air temperature measurement by automatic weather stations in Antarctica

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OM] Polar Meteorology and Glaciology, Wed. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor) , National Institute of Polar Researc

A stratification model of surface snow at Dome Fuji Station, Antarctica

A stratification model of surface snow on the ice sheet, which includes snow density evolution, is proposed. Using the temperature profile in the surface snow layer obtained at Dome Fuji Station, Antarctica, snow density evolution under various accumulation conditions was simulated. It is demonstrated that water vapor diffusion is very important for the snow density evolution, and temperature and accumulation at the snow surface are the most important factors that determine the future snow density profile below the surface

Snow accumulation by entering low-pressures from the coast to Dome Fuji, East Antarctica

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OM] Polar Meteorology and Glaciology, Wed. 4 Dec. / 2F Auditorium, National Institute of Polar Researc

Animal Models for Parkinson's Disease Research: Trends in the 2000s

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive movement disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Although many studies have been conducted, there is an unmet clinical need to develop new treatments because, currently, only symptomatic therapies are available. To achieve this goal, clarification of the pathology is required. Attempts have been made to emulate human PD and various animal models have been developed over the decades. Neurotoxin models have been commonly used for PD research. Recently, advances in transgenic technology have enabled the development of genetic models that help to identify new approaches in PD research. However, PD animal model trends have not been investigated. Revealing the trends for PD research will be valuable for increasing our understanding of the positive and negative aspects of each model. In this article, we clarified the trends for animal models that were used to research PD in the 2000s, and we discussed each model based on these trends

Estimation of meteorological conditions at Dome Fuji from 1995 to 2017

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OM] Polar Meteorology and Glaciology, Wed. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor) , National Institute of Polar Researc

ミズホ キチ ト ドームフジ キチ ニ オケル フブキ カンソク

2000年9月から11月にかけて,南極みずほ基地において雪粒子の運動と風の乱流構造に着目した吹雪観測を実施した.観測は30mタワーにスノーパーティクルカウンター(SPC)を4台(設置高: 9.6m,3.1m,1.0m,0.2m),超音波風向風速計を3台(設置高: 25m,1.0m,0.2m),気温・露点計を2台(設置高: 3.0m,1.0m)設置して行われた.観測期間中,すべての機器はほぼ順調に作動し,吹雪フラックスの鉛直分布や雪粒子の粒径分布などを風速(摩擦速度)の関数として求めることに成功した.またSPCが降雪の観測にも有用であることが確認されたため,2002年2月から2003年1月にかけては,ドームふじ基地においても観測が行われた.Blowing snow observations were carried out at Mizuho Station, Antarctica from Sept. to Nov. 2000. A blowing snow observation system including snow particle counters (SPC) which can sense not only the number of snow particles but also their diameters, was situated on a 30m tower. All instruments worked properly and the data obtained revealed profiles of mass flux and particle size distributions as a function of the friction velocity. Since the SPC is found to be useful to evaluate precipitation as well, it was set at Dome Fuji Station from Feb. 2002 to Jan. 2003, and measurements of snowfall as well as blowing snow were undertaken

Precise MEP monitoring with a reduced interval is safe and useful for detecting permissive duration for temporary clipping

Although temporary clipping of the parent artery is an indispensable technique in clipping surgery for intracranial aneurysms, the permissive duration of temporary clipping is still not well known. The aim of this study is to confirm the safety of precise motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring and to estimate the permissive duration of temporary clipping for middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm based on precise MEP monitoring results. Under precise MEP monitoring via direct cortical stimulation every 30 seconds to 1 minute, surgeons released a temporary clip and waited for MEP amplitude to recover following severe (>50%) reduction of MEP amplitude during temporary clipping. Precise MEP monitoring was safely performed. Twenty-eight instances of temporary clipping were performed in 42 MCA aneurysm clipping surgeries. Because precise MEP monitoring could be used to determine when to release a temporary clip even with a severe reduction in MEP amplitude due to lengthy temporary clipping, no patients experienced permanent postoperative hemiparesis. Based on logistic regression analysis, if a temporary clip is applied for 312 seconds or more, there is a higher probability of a severe reduction in MEP amplitude. We should therefore release temporary clips after 5 minutes in order to avoid permanent postoperative hemiparesis