Electrophysiological Mechanisms of Atrial Flutter

Atrial flutter (AFL) is a common arrhythmia in clinical practice. Several experimental models such as tricuspid regurgitation model, tricuspid ring model, sterile pericarditis model and atrial crush injury model have provided important information about reentrant circuit and can test the effect of antiarrhythmic drugs. Human atrial flutter has typical and atypical forms. Typical atrial flutter rotates around tricuspid annulus and uses the crista terminalis and sometimes sinus venosa as the boundary. The IVC-tricuspid isthmus is a slow conduction zone and the target of radiofrequency ablation. Atypical atrial flutter may arise from the right or left atrium. Right atrial flutter includes upper loop reentry, free wall reentry and figure of eight reentry. Left atrial flutter includes mitral annular atrial flutter, pulmonary vein-related atrial flutter and left septal atrial flutter. Radiofrequency ablation of the isthmus between the boundaries can eliminate these arrhythmias

Missing E_T Reconstruction with the CMS Detector

The CMS experiment uses missing E_T to both measure processes in the Standard Model and test models of physics beyond the Standard Model. These proceedings show the performance of the missing E_T reconstruction evaluated by using 4.6 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data at the center-of-mass energy 7 TeV collected in 2011 with the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Missing E_T was reconstructed based on a particle-flow technique. Jet energy corrections were propagated to missing E_T. After anomalous signals and events were addressed, the missing E_T spectrum was well reproduced by MC simulation. The multiple proton-proton interactions in a single bunch crossing, pile-up events, degraded the performance of the missing E_T reconstruction. Mitigations of this degradation have been developed.Comment: 6 pages, Proceedings for CALOR 2012, 15th International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physic

Squark/gluino searches in hadronic channels with CMS

These proceedings summarize the results of four analyses which searched for squarks and gluinos in hadronic final states with missing transverse momentum in 2.3 fb$^{-1}$ of data in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected in the year 2015 with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Each analysis is characterized by a different kinematic variable that is sensitive to the presence of invisible particles, e.g., $M_\text{T2}$, $\alpha_{\text{T}}$, and razor variables. We observed no significant deviation from the standard model prediction and placed limits on the production cross sections and the masses of squarks and gluinos in simplified models of supersymmetric models. The limits are significantly extended from the previous results.Comment: Proceedings for 4th Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics 2016 (LHCP 2016), Lund, Swede

Renegotiating the Odious Debt Doctrine

Following the United States\u27 invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq,\u27 the US government argued that the successor government in Iraq was not responsible for Iraq\u27s Saddam-era debt under the purported doctrine of odious-regime debt. This purported doctrine apparently excused--by operation of law--all successor regimes from repaying debts that were incurred by oppressive predecessor regimes. Here, Cheng presents three-part response regarding the purported rule that oppressive debts of a predecessor government do not bind its successor

MODERATE SEVERITY DISTURBANCE HAS SIMILAR EFFECTS ON THE PRODUCTION OF THREE FORESTS NESTED WITHIN THE UPPER GREAT LAKES LANDSCAPE

Moderate severity disturbances, which only kill a subset of canopy trees (e.g., via insects, pathogens, and windthrow), are increasingly widespread, and can alter forest structure and production. Whether moderate severity disturbance similarly affects the net primary production (NPP) of different forest stands within inherently heterogeneous landscapes, however, is unknown. We experimentally disturbed three, 2-ha stands varying in forest structure and primary production, reducing stand basal area 38 to 66 % by stem girdling all mature early successional aspen (Populus) and birch (Betula). For nearly a decade, we examined how the forest stands restructured and recovered, and linked post-recovery physical and biological structure with light absorption and wood NPP. Disturbance significantly altered the structure of all stands and prompted a similar decade-long pattern of primary production decline and recovery. All stands exhibited an initial reduction in wood NPP, recovering to, or exceeded pre-disturbance levels within eight years. Following the recovery of wood NPP, more biologically diverse forest canopies with higher leaf area indexes captured more light, and, subsequently, had higher rates of wood NPP. We provide limited support that disturbance may enhance long-term primary production through its effects on canopy structural reorganization. We conclude that, while the forests examined responded similarly to disturbance, improved understanding of different forest ecosystems’ response to disturbance remains critical to informing carbon management decisions across diverse landscape mosaics

Asymptotic linearity of regularity and a*-invariant of powers of ideals

Let X = Proj R be a projective scheme over a field k, and let I be an ideal in R generated by forms of the same degree d. Let Y --> X be the blowing up of X along the subscheme defined by I, and let f: Y --> Z be the projection of Y given by the divisor dH - E, where E is the exceptional divisor of the blowup and H is the pullback of a general hyperplane in X. We investigate how the asymptotic linearity of the regularity and a*-invariant of I^q (for q large) is related to invariants of fibers of f.Comment: 11 pages, revision: get rid of the condition that R is a polynomial ring in the last theorem