Effectiveness of Matrix Treatment on Depression and Temptation in Consumption in Amphetamine Dependent Individuals

A varied range of psychological interventions has been suggested to treat substance use disorders, particularly for amphetamine users. The purpose of psychological treatments are to help drug dependents understand the detrimental effects of drug use, recognize their personal values and strengths, and overwhelm social stigma and self-stigma to involve in specialized individual or group interventions. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of matrix treatment on depression and the temptation to use in amphetamine dependent individuals. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research consists of 1,400 men dependent to amphetamines, self-referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran. Participants were 40 people whom selected by accessible sampling method and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (20 people in each group). Consumption temptation scale and Beck depression inventory were used for collecting data. Results revealed that the matrix treatment had a significant effect on depression and temptation in consumption. According to our results, it can be concluded that matrix treatment can be used as a complementary drug treatment in amphetamine dependent individuals

Analysis of structural equations in the relationship between family communication patterns with tendency to critical thinking and students\' happiness with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in students

Background and Aim: Critical thinking skills in itself are a type of cognitive skills that emphasize on cognitive strategies and the aspect of tendency to critical thinking, on the attitudinal components of thinking and the internal motivation to solve problems. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the fit of the model based on the relationship between family communication patterns with tendency to critical thinking and happiness with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in students. Research method: The current research method was descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of this study was the female students of the second grade of public schools in Chalus city. Using random cluster sampling, a sample of 319 people was selected. The data collection tools were Ricketts (2003) critical thinking tendency questionnaire, Dennis and Vanderwaal (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaire, Koerner and Fitzpatrick (2002) communication patterns questionnaire and Oxford happiness inventory (Argyle et al., 1989). Data analysis was done by Pearson correlation method. Results: It showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between family communication patterns with tendency to critical thinking (r=0.34; P<0.05) and happiness (r=0.35; P<0.05). There is a positive and significant relationship between cognitive flexibility with tendency to critical thinking (r=0.73; P<0.01) and happiness (r=0.69; P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results of structural equation modeling, the model based on the relationship between family communication patterns with tendency to critical thinking and happiness with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in students has sufficient fit. It is expected that the effect of factors such as family communication patterns and cognitive flexibility on increasing happiness and tendency to critical thinking in students will be noticed by researchers and educational planners and consultants