Calculation of Electron Swarm Parameters in Tetrafluoromethane

The electron swarm parameters and electron energy distribution function (EEDF) are necessary, especially onunderstanding quantitatively plasma phenomena and ionized gases. The EEDF and electron swarm parameters including the reduce effective ionization coefficient (α-η)/N (α and η are the ionization and attachment coefficient, respectively), electron drift velocity, electron mean energy, characteristic energy, density  normalized longitudinal diffusion coefficient, and density normalized electron mobility in tetrafluoromethane (CF4) which was analyzed and calculated using the two-term approximation of the Boltzmann equation method at room temperature, over a range of the reduced electric field strength (E/N) between 0.1 and 1000 Td(1Td=10-17 V.cm2), where E is the electric field and N is the gas density of the gas. The calculations required cross-sections of the electron beam, thus published momentum transfer, vibration, electronic excitation, ionization, and attachment cross-sections for CF4 were used, the results of the Boltzmann equation in a good agreement with experimental and theoretical values over the entire range of E/N. In all cases, negative differential conductivity regions were found. It is found that the calculated EEDF closes to Maxwellian distribution and decreases sharply at low E/N. The low energy part of EEDF flats and the high-energy tail of EEDF increases with increase E/N. The EEDF found to be non-Maxwellian when the E/N> 10Td, havingenergy variations which reflect electron/molecule energy exchange processes. In addition, limiting field strength (E/N)limit has been calculated from the plots of (α-η)/N, for which the ionization exactlybalances the electron attachment, which is valid for the analysis of insulation characteristics and application to power equipment

Modified Hartree-Fock Relationship to Calculate the Effective Energy of Atomic Sub-shells in Transition Elements

In this study, the part in question of the total energy is that due to the mutual interactions between the electrons themselves, the fact that this is the total effective energy of sample electrons in shells and sub-shells. The result was that only 0.2564 of the total energy of the atom is divided between the individual electrons and the effective energy of each of them is proportional to the reciprocal of their occupation numbers i.e. 1/(n+2l+1)2, the proportionality constant was fortunately equivalent to the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) of the sub-shell type according to the studies done by both Slater and Clementi and Raimondi. The amazing news was that the algebraic sum of the effective energy for each electron was again very close to 0.2564 ET. Keywords: Hartree-Fock, Effective Energy of Atomic, Transition Element