12,603 research outputs found
Quintessential Kination and Leptogenesis
Thermal leptogenesis induced by the CP-violating decay of a right-handed
neutrino (RHN) is discussed in the background of quintessential kination, i.e.,
in a cosmological model where the energy density of the early Universe is
assumed to be dominated by the kinetic term of a quintessence field during some
epoch of its evolution. This assumption may lead to very different
observational consequences compared to the case of a standard cosmology where
the energy density of the Universe is dominated by radiation. We show that,
depending on the choice of the temperature T_r above which kination dominates
over radiation, any situation between the strong and the super--weak wash--out
regime are equally viable for leptogenesis, even with the RHN Yukawa coupling
fixed to provide the observed atmospheric neutrino mass scale ~ 0.05 eV. For M<
T_r < M/100, i.e., when kination stops to dominate at a time which is not much
later than when leptogenesis takes place, the efficiency of the process,
defined as the ratio between the produced lepton asymmetry and the amount of CP
violation in the RHN decay, can be larger than in the standard scenario of
radiation domination. This possibility is limited to the case when the neutrino
mass scale is larger than about 0.01 eV. The super--weak wash--out regime is
obtained for T_r << M/100, and includes the case when T_r is close to the
nucleosynthesis temperature ~ 1 MeV. Irrespective of T_r, we always find a
sufficient window above the electroweak temperature T ~ 100 GeV for the
sphaleron transition to thermalize, so that the lepton asymmetry can always be
converted to the observed baryon asymmetry.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure
Electrical Transport in High Quality Graphene pnp Junctions
We fabricate and investigate high quality graphene devices with contactless,
suspended top gates, and demonstrate formation of graphene pnp junctions with
tunable polarity and doping levels. The device resistance displays distinct
oscillations in the npn regime, arising from the Fabry-Perot interference of
holes between the two pn interfaces. At high magnetic fields, we observe
well-defined quantum Hall plateaus, which can be satisfactorily fit to
theoretical calculations based on the aspect ratio of the device.Comment: to appear in a special focus issue in New Journal of Physic
Probing the C-H Activation of Linear and Cyclic Ethers at (PNP)Ir
Interaction of the amido/bis(phosphine)-supported (PNP)Ir fragment with a series of linear and cyclic ethers is shown to afford, depending on substrate, products of α,α-dehydrogenation (carbenes), α,ÎČ-dehydrogenation (vinyl ethers), or decarbonylation. While carbenes are exclusively obtained from tert-amyl methyl ether, sec-butyl methyl ether (SBME), n-butyl methyl ether (NBME), and tetrahydrofuran (THF), vinyl ethers or their adducts are observed upon reaction with diethyl ether and 1,4-dioxane. Decarbonylation occurs upon interaction of (PNP)Ir with benzyl methyl ether, and a mechanism is proposed for this unusual transformation, which occurs via a series of CâH, CâO, and CâC bond cleavage events. The intermediates characterized for several of these reactions as well as the α,α-dehydrogenation of tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE) are used to outline a reaction pathway for the generation of PNP-supported iridium(I) carbene complexes, and it is shown that the long-lived, observable intermediates are substrate-dependent and differ for the related cases of MTBE and THF. Taken together, these findings highlight the variety of pathways utilized by the electron-rich, unsaturated (PNP)Ir fragment to stabilize itself by transferring electron density to ethereal substrates through oxidative addition and/or the formation of Ï-acidic ligands
The Solar Neighborhood XV: Discovery of New High Proper Motion Stars with mu >= 0.4"/yr between Declinations -47 degrees and 00 degrees
We report the discovery of 152 new high proper motion systems (mu >= 0.4"/yr)
in the southern sky (Declination = -47 degrees to 00 degrees) brighter than
UKST plate R_{59F} =16.5 via our SuperCOSMOS-RECONS (SCR) search. This paper
complements Paper XII in The Solar Neighborhood series, which covered the
region from Declination = -90 degrees to -47 degrees and discussed all 147 new
systems from the southernmost phase of the search. Among the total of 299
systems from both papers, there are 148 (71 in Paper XII, 77 in this paper) new
systems moving faster than 0.5"/yr that are additions to the classic ``LHS''
(Luyten Half Second) sample. These constitute an 8% increase in the sample of
all stellar systems with mu >= 0.5"/yr in the southern sky.
As in Paper XII, distance estimates are provided for the systems reported
here based upon a combination of photographic plate magnitudes and 2MASS
photometry, assuming all stars are on the main sequence. Two SCR systems from
the portion of the sky included in this paper are anticipated to be within 10
pc, and an additional 23 are within 25 pc. In total, the results presented in
Paper XII and here for this SCR sweep of the entire southern sky include five
new systems within 10 pc and 38 more between 10 and 25 pc. The largest number
of nearby systems have been found in the slowest proper motion bin, 0.6"/yr >
mu >= 0.4"/yr, indicating that there may be a large population of low proper
motion systems very near the Sun.Comment: 36 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomical Journa
Thailandâs universal coverage scheme and its impact on health-seeking behavior
Background: Thailandâs Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS) has improved healthcare access and utilization since its initial introduction in 2002. However, a substantial proportion of beneficiaries has utilized care outside the UCS boundaries. Because low utilization may be an indication of a policy gap between peopleâs health needs and the services available to them, we investigated the patterns of health-seeking behavior and their social/contextual determinants among UCS beneficiaries in the year 2013. Results: The study findings from the outpatient analysis showed that the use of designated facilities for care was significantly higher in low-income, unemployed, and chronic status groups. The findings from the inpatient analysis showed that the use of designated facilities for care was significantly higher in the low-income, older, and female groups. Particularly, for the low-income group, we found that they (1) had greater health care needs, (2) received a larger number of services from designated facilities, and (3) paid the least for both inpatient and outpatient services. Conclusions: This pro-poor impact indicated that the UCS could adequately respond to beneficiariesâ needs in terms of vertical equity. However, we also found that a considerable proportion of beneficiaries utilized out-of-network services, which implied a lack of universal access to policy services from a horizontal equity point of view. Thus, the policy should continue expanding and diversifying its service benefits to strengthen horizontal equity. Particularly, private sector involvement for those who are employed as well as the increased unmet health needs of those in rural areas may be important policy priorities for that. Lastly, methodological issues such as severity adjustment and a detailed categorization of health-seeking behaviors need to be further considered for a better understanding of the policy impact
The problem, and B and L Conservation with a Discrete Gauge R Symmetry
We examine in a generic context how the problem can be resolved by
means of a spontaneously broken gauge symmetry. We then focus on the new scheme
based on a discrete gauge R symmetry which is spontaneously broken by
nonperturbative hidden sector dynamics triggering supersymmetry breaking also.
The possibility to suppress the dangerous baryon and/or lepton number violating
interactions by means of this discrete R symmetry is examined also together
with some phenomenological consequences.Comment: 13 pages, RevTex, no figure
AC electrokinetic phenomena over semiconductive surfaces: effective electric boundary conditions and their applications
Electrokinetic boundary conditions are derived for AC electrokinetic (ACEK)
phenomena over leaky dielectric (i.e., semiconducting) surfaces. Such boundary
conditions correlate the electric potentials across the
semiconductor-electrolyte interface (consisting of the electric double layer
(EDL) inside the electrolyte solutions and the space charge layer (SCL) inside
the semiconductors) under AC electric fields with arbitrary wave forms. The
present electrokinetic boundary conditions allow for evaluation of induced zeta
potential contributed by both bond charges (due to electric polarization) and
free charges (due to electric conduction) from the leaky dielectric materials.
Subsequently, we demonstrate the applications of these boundary conditions in
analyzing the ACEK phenomena around a semiconducting cylinder. It is concluded
that the flow circulations exist around the semiconducting cylinder and are
shown to be stronger under an AC field with lower frequency and around a
cylinder with higher conductivity.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figure
Correlation between 3:2 QPO pairs and Jets in Black Hole X-ray Binaries
We argue, following our earlier works (the "CEBZMC model"), that the
phenomenon of twin peak high frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs)
observed in black hole X-ray binaries is caused by magnetic coupling (MC)
between accretion disk and black hole (BH). Due to MC, two bright spots occur
at two separate radial locations r_{in} and r_{out} at the disk surface,
energized by a kind of the Blandford-Znajek mechanism (BZ). We assume,
following the Kluzniak-Abramowicz QPO resonance model, that Keplerian
frequencies at these two locations are in the 3:2 ratio. With this assumption,
we estimate the BH spins in several sources, including GRO J1655-40, GRS
1915+105, XTE J1550-564, H1743-322 and Sgr A*. We give an interpretation of the
"jet line" in the hardness-intensity plane discussing the parameter space
consisting of the BH spin and the power-law index for the variation of the
large-scale magnetic field in the disk. Furthermore, we propose a new scenario
for the spectral state transitions in BH X-ray binaries based on fluctuation in
densities of accreting plasma from a companion star.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, accepted by AP
Molecular dynamics study of the fragmentation of silicon doped fullerenes
Tight binding molecular dynamics simulations, with a non orthogonal basis
set, are performed to study the fragmentation of carbon fullerenes doped with
up to six silicon atoms. Both substitutional and adsorbed cases are considered.
The fragmentation process is simulated starting from the equilibrium
configuration in each case and imposing a high initial temperature to the
atoms. Kinetic energy quickly converts into potential energy, so that the
system oscillates for some picoseconds and eventually breaks up. The most
probable first event for substituted fullerenes is the ejection of a C2
molecule, another very frequent event being that one Si atom goes to an
adsorbed position. Adsorbed Si clusters tend to desorb as a whole when they
have four or more atoms, while the smaller ones tend to dissociate and
sometimes interchange positions with the C atoms. These results are compared
with experimental information from mass abundance spectroscopy and the products
of photofragmentation.Comment: Seven two-column pages, six postscript figures. To be published in
Physical Review
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