20,718 research outputs found
Rate of convergence for periodic homogenization of convex Hamilton-Jacobi equations in one dimension
Let and be viscosity solutions of the oscillatory
Hamilton-Jacobi equation and its corresponding effective equation. Given
bounded, Lipschitz initial data, we present a simple proof to obtain the
optimal rate of convergence of as for a large class of convex
Hamiltonians in one dimension. This class includes the Hamiltonians
from classical mechanics with separable potential. The proof makes use of
optimal control theory and a quantitative version of the ergodic theorem for
periodic functions in dimension .Comment: 22 pages, typos corrected, references added, final accepted versio
Designing Effective Health Care Quality Transparency Initiatives
Profiles two well-designed healthcare quality transparency initiatives from California and Massachusetts. Examines key design and implementation elements, including provider engagement, reliable data, consumer-friendliness, and feedback to providers
Financial and Health Burdens of Chronic Conditions Grow
Points to rising rates of chronic conditions and obesity; growing numbers of patients with problems paying medical bills, even with insurance; and contributing factors such as declining private coverage and delays in accessing care. Outlines implications
Striking Jump in Consumers Seeking Health Care Information
Examines shifts in how Americans seek health information from sources other than their doctors. Looks at growing Internet use and information-seeking for others, education as a factor, and the impact of information-seeking on perceptions of health issues
Word of Mouth and Physician Referrals Still Drive Health Care Provider Choice
Examines how consumers choose physicians, specialists, or medical facilities, including the use of physician referrals, word-of-mouth recommendations, health plan information, and the Internet. Explores implications for consumer-directed health care
Limited Options to Manage Specialty Drug Spending
Outlines rising trends in costs of and spending on specialty drugs; health plans' efforts to curb specialty drug spending, including patient cost sharing and utilization management; and efforts to integrate medical and pharmaceutical coverage
Checking Up on Retail-Based Health Clinics: Is the Boom Ending?
Outlines trends in the growth of retail-based clinics providing basic care at pharmacies and other retail settings. Examines who uses them, where, for what services, and why; insurance coverage and reimbursement rates; and variations in state regulation
State Prescription Drug Price Web Sites: How Useful to Consumers?
Compares ten sites and identifies key limitations due to data omissions, gaps between insured and uninsured consumers, and varied program implementation. Presents alternative policy options such as requiring price lists from pharmacies
Answer Sets for Logic Programs with Arbitrary Abstract Constraint Atoms
In this paper, we present two alternative approaches to defining answer sets
for logic programs with arbitrary types of abstract constraint atoms (c-atoms).
These approaches generalize the fixpoint-based and the level mapping based
answer set semantics of normal logic programs to the case of logic programs
with arbitrary types of c-atoms. The results are four different answer set
definitions which are equivalent when applied to normal logic programs. The
standard fixpoint-based semantics of logic programs is generalized in two
directions, called answer set by reduct and answer set by complement. These
definitions, which differ from each other in the treatment of
negation-as-failure (naf) atoms, make use of an immediate consequence operator
to perform answer set checking, whose definition relies on the notion of
conditional satisfaction of c-atoms w.r.t. a pair of interpretations. The other
two definitions, called strongly and weakly well-supported models, are
generalizations of the notion of well-supported models of normal logic programs
to the case of programs with c-atoms. As for the case of fixpoint-based
semantics, the difference between these two definitions is rooted in the
treatment of naf atoms. We prove that answer sets by reduct (resp. by
complement) are equivalent to weakly (resp. strongly) well-supported models of
a program, thus generalizing the theorem on the correspondence between stable
models and well-supported models of a normal logic program to the class of
programs with c-atoms. We show that the newly defined semantics coincide with
previously introduced semantics for logic programs with monotone c-atoms, and
they extend the original answer set semantics of normal logic programs. We also
study some properties of answer sets of programs with c-atoms, and relate our
definitions to several semantics for logic programs with aggregates presented
in the literature
Workplace Clinics: A Sign of Growing Employer Interest in Wellness
Examines the increasing employer demand for workplace clinics, clinic management models, types of services, challenges, regulations, and the clinics' potential impact, including their ability to raise productivity and help contain healthcare costs
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