ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAS INDUSTRY

The article describes the current state, prospects of development of world and domestic gas industry. The analysis of exploration resources gas. Presented to world leaders in the production of natural gas. Describes the main trends affecting the development of the world gas market, special attention is paid to the active development of liquefied natural gas production. The different forecast scenarios of development of gas markets. Describes the basic scenario for gas demand, given attention to the problems of the gas industry and measures conducive to their achievement and future development of the gas industry

ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAS INDUSTRY

The article describes the current state, prospects of development of world and domestic gas industry. The analysis of exploration resources gas. Presented to world leaders in the production of natural gas. Describes the main trends affecting the development of the world gas market, special attention is paid to the active development of liquefied natural gas production. The different forecast scenarios of development of gas markets. Describes the basic scenario for gas demand, given attention to the problems of the gas industry and measures conducive to their achievement and future development of the gas industry

Anna Khripunova RESEARCH OF PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF GASIFICATION OF RUSSIA AND WAYS OF THEIR DECISION

In the article the current state of gasification in the Russian Federation is described. The analysis of the basic indicators characterizing a modern situation in the field of gas supply and gasification of regions of Russia is provided. The main problems requiring special attention for increase of level of gasification of the Russian regions and the country, in general are reflected. Possible solutions of the designated problems are given. The special attention is paid to alternative sources of gas supply, including autonomous gasification. The criteria allowing to make the decision on expediency of creation of system of autonomous gasification in regions of Russia developed by authors of article are considered

Anna Khripunova RESEARCH OF PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF GASIFICATION OF RUSSIA AND WAYS OF THEIR DECISION

In the article the current state of gasification in the Russian Federation is described. The analysis of the basic indicators characterizing a modern situation in the field of gas supply and gasification of regions of Russia is provided. The main problems requiring special attention for increase of level of gasification of the Russian regions and the country, in general are reflected. Possible solutions of the designated problems are given. The special attention is paid to alternative sources of gas supply, including autonomous gasification. The criteria allowing to make the decision on expediency of creation of system of autonomous gasification in regions of Russia developed by authors of article are considered

Structural transformations during swelling of polycomplex matrices based on countercharged (meth)acrylate copolymers (Eudragit® EPO/Eudragit® L 100-55)

With a view to the application in oral controlled drug delivery systems (DDS), the design of new interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) between countercharged types of Eudragit® EPO (EPO) and Eudragit® L 100-55 (L100-55) was investigated. The formation and composition of four new IPECs between EPO and L100-55 were established by elementary analysis. The structure of the synthesized IPEC was investigated using FTIR spectroscopy and modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetry. The binding ratio of a unit molecule of EPO with L100-55 was found to range between 1:2.75 (Z = 0.36) and 1:0.55 (Z = 1.81) while increasing the pH value from 5.5 to 7.0. As a result of electrostatic interaction between the copolymer chains, the glass transition temperature of the IPEC increased significantly. A large pH-sensitive swelling behavior was observed for different structures of the IPECs. The outcome of swelling and diclofenac sodium release from the polycomplex matrices confirm that they have great potential to be used as a controlled DDS in specified regions of gastrointestinal tract. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association

Прогностическое значение матриксных металлопротеиназ у пациентов с антрациклининдуцированной сердечной недостаточностью

Highlights. Elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 are associated with the initiation and severity of CHF developed after breast cancer therapy with anthracyclines, which may contribute to cardiac remodeling and the progression of systolic dysfunction. Concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in blood serum serve as predictors of the unfavorable course of anthracycline-induced heart failure.Aim. To assess the role of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) in the development and course of anthracycline-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) during 24 months of observation.Methods. The study included 114 women 12 months after completion of chemotherapy (CT) for breast cancer and developed CHF. The control group (n = 70) consisted of women (mean age 45.0 [42.0; 50.0] years old) who received doxorubicin as part of chemotherapy, but they did not develop CHF 12 months after completion of chemotherapy. The levels of biomarkers (MMP-2, MMP-9, NT-proBNP) in blood serum were determined using a sandwich immunoassay.Results. Patients with CHF had signs of cardiac remodeling and higher values of NT-proBNP, MMP-2 and MMP-9 (p<0.001) than women from the control group. After 24 months of observation, all patients with CHF were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – women with an unfavorable course of CHF (n = 54), group 2 – women with favorable course of pathology (n = 60). Criteria for the unfavorable course of CHF: the emergence of new or worsening of existing symptoms/signs of heart failure; and/or hospitalization due to HF decompensation; decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction by more than 10%; or an increase in the functional class of CHF by 1 or more. Baseline echocardiographic parameters and NT-proBNP values did not differ in groups 1 and 2. Levels of MMP-2 were higher by 8% (p = 0.017) and MMP-9 by 18.4% (p<0.001) in group 1. In 1 group the level of MMP-2 decreased after 24 months of observation. In group 2 the level of MMP-2 increased by the end of the observation period. MMP-2 levels ≥388.2 pg/ml (sensitivity 46%, specificity 80%; AUC = 0.64; p = 0.013) and MMP-9 ≥21.3 pg/ml (sensitivity 86%, specificity 84.4%; AUC = 0.9; p<0.001) were determined as predictors of an unfavorable course of CHF.Conclusion. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHF initiated by drugs of the anthracycline class. Elevated levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the blood serum are associated with an unfavorable course of anthracycline-induced CHF and can be recommended when assessing the risk of an unfavorable course of pathology.Основные положения. Повышенные уровни матриксных металлопротеиназ 2 и 9 ассоциированы с инициированием и тяжестью ХСН, развившейся после терапии рака молочной железы антрациклинами, что может способствовать ремоделированию сердца и прогрессированию систолической дисфункции. Концентрации матриксных металлопротеиназ 2 и 9 в сыворотке крови служат предикторами неблагоприятного течения антрациклининдуцированной сердечной недостаточности.Цель. Оценить роль матриксных металлопротеиназ 2 (ММП-2) и 9 (ММП-9) в развитии и течении антрациклининдуцированной хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН) в течение 24 мес. наблюдения.Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 114 женщин с развившейся через 12 мес. после завершения химиотерапии по поводу рака молочной железы ХСН. Контрольную группу (n = 70) составили женщины (средний возраст 45,0 [42,0; 50,0] лет), которые получали доксорубицин, но у них не развилась ХСН через 12 мес. после химиотерапии. Уровни биомаркеров (ММП-2, ММП-9, предшественника мозгового натрийуретического пептида (NT-proBNP)) в сыворотке крови определяли с помощью сэндвич-иммуноанализа.Результаты. Больные ХСН имели признаки ремоделирования сердца и более высокие значения NT-proBNP, MMП-2 и MMП-9 (p<0,001), чем женщины из контрольной группы. Через 24 мес. наблюдения все пациенты с ХСН разделены на две группы: 1-я группа – женщины с неблагоприятным течением ХСН (n = 54), 2-я группа – с благоприятным течением патологии (n = 60). Критерии неблагоприятного течения ХСН: появление новых или ухудшение имеющихся симптомов/признаков СН и/или госпитализация вследствие декомпенсации СН; снижение фракции выброса левого желудочка более 10% или увеличение функционального класса ХСН на один или более. Исходные эхокардиографические параметры и значения NT-proBNP не различались между группами. Уровень MMП-2 был выше на 8% (p = 0,017), MMП-9 на – 18,4% (p<0,001) в группе 1 в сравнении с группой 2. Также в 1-й группе уровень ММП-2 снизился через 24 мес. наблюдения, во 2-й группе, напротив, увеличился к концу периода наблюдения. Уровни ММП-2 ≥388,2 пг/мл (чувствительность 46%, специфичность 80%, AUС = 0,64; p = 0,013) и ММП-9 ≥21,3 пг/мл (чувствительность 86%, специфичность 84,4%, AUС = 0,9; р<0,001) определены как предикторы неблагоприятного течения ХСН.Заключение. Ремоделирование внеклеточного матрикса может играть важную роль в патогенезе ХСН, инициируемой препаратами класса антрациклинов. Повышенные уровни MMП-2 и MMП-9 в сыворотке крови ассоциированы с неблагоприятным течением антрациклининдуцированной ХСН и могут быть рекомендованы при оценке риска неблагоприятного прогноза

Assessment of readiness for revaccination against covid19

The aim of the study - to identify factors influencing readiness for revaccination against COVID-19Цель исследования - выявление факторов, влияющих на готовность к ревакцинации против НКВ

Ad Geneseos cap. IV. Suethice vertendum observationes quas venia ampl. ord. philos. Upsal. præside Gustavo Knös ... pro exercitio p. p. Gustavus Svanberg OstroGothus. In Audit. Gust. die IX Maji MDCCCXXI. H. A. M. S., D. 4

The influence of the mutual location of the axes of the parts rotation of the grinding wheel and its diameter on the surface of a type of hyperboloid of rotation with a single cavity and close to its surface. An algorithm is proposed which allows to determine the mutual arrangement of the elements of the kinematical method of grinding a curved symmetrical profile with three geometric parameters of the grooves including grooves of inner ring of rolling bearings than to improve the accuracy of formation of these surfaces.Досліджено вплив взаємного розташування осей деталей обертання, шліфувального круга та його діаметра на форму поверхні типу гіперболоїда обертання з однією порожниною та близькою до неї поверхню. Запропоновано алгоритм, який дозволяє визначати взаємне розташування елементів кінематичного способу шліфування криволінійного симетричного профілю за трьома геометричними параметрами канавки включно і канавки внутрішнього кільця підшипників кочення, що підвищує точність утворення цих поверхонь