Association between vitamin D levels and arterial hypertension in women at very high cardiovascular risk

Background Vitamin D is a compound of great importance in controlling the biological functions of the body in a variety of ways. Significance of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and treatment of various diseases has been described repeatedly. One of the most discussed issues in the literature is the importance of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This relationship is particularly important in patients burdened with elevated cardiovascular risk, which undoubtedly represent patients with diagnosed disease of the cardiovascular system. The aim of the study was to determine the association between the occurrence of vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of hypertension in premenopausal women at very high cardiovascular risk. Materials and methods The study included 49 women who had previously been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. In all patients enrolled in the study serum concentrations of vitamin D were measured and the patients were classified to have vitamin D deficiency or normal vitamin D level, based on the existing criteria. The patients were also tested for the occurrence of hypertension. Medical records of all patients were reviewed for early diagnosis of hypertension, and blood pressure measurements were performed on admission to the hospital before the surgery by a qualified physician, in a manner consistent with current guidelines Results The study population was aged 47.7 ± 13.4 years. The mean body mass index was 25.2 kg/m2. Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed in 25 (51%) patients, and hypertension was diagnosed in 30 women (61.2%). In patients with vitamin D deficiency hypertension occurred in 18 (72%) women, while in the group without vitamin D deficiency hypertension was diagnosed in 50% of cases (12 women). The observed difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.049). There was no difference in the incidence of other cardiovascular risk factors between the groups, including the prevalence of dyslipidaemia or nicotine addiction. Conclusion Association of hypertension with the vitamin D deficiency has been repeatedly underlined in many scientific studies. In the present group of patients at very high cardiovascular risk, we confirmed the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with the occurrence of hypertension. Exact confirmation of this issue requires further, largescale research, but this study may suggest the importance of vitamin D supplementation in these patients.Background Vitamin D is a compound of great importance in controlling the biological functions of the body in a variety of ways. Significance of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and treatment of various diseases has been described repeatedly. One of the most discussed issues in the literature is the importance of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This relationship is particularly important in patients burdened with elevated cardiovascular risk, which undoubtedly represent patients with diagnosed disease of the cardiovascular system. The aim of the study was to determine the association between the occurrence of vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of hypertension in premenopausal women at very high cardiovascular risk. Materials and methods The study included 49 women who had previously been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. In all patients enrolled in the study serum concentrations of vitamin D were measured and the patients were classified to have vitamin D deficiency or normal vitamin D level, based on the existing criteria. The patients were also tested for the occurrence of hypertension. Medical records of all patients were reviewed for early diagnosis of hypertension, and blood pressure measurements were performed on admission to the hospital before the surgery by a qualified physician, in a manner consistent with current guidelines Results The study population was aged 47.7 ± 13.4 years. The mean body mass index was 25.2 kg/m2. Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed in 25 (51%) patients, and hypertension was diagnosed in 30 women (61.2%). In patients with vitamin D deficiency hypertension occurred in 18 (72%) women, while in the group without vitamin D deficiency hypertension was diagnosed in 50% of cases (12 women). The observed difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.049). There was no difference in the incidence of other cardiovascular risk factors between the groups, including the prevalence of dyslipidaemia or nicotine addiction. Conclusion Association of hypertension with the vitamin D deficiency has been repeatedly underlined in many scientific studies. In the present group of patients at very high cardiovascular risk, we confirmed the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with the occurrence of hypertension. Exact confirmation of this issue requires further, largescale research, but this study may suggest the importance of vitamin D supplementation in these patients

Związek pomiędzy poziomem witaminy D i nadciśnieniem tętniczym u kobiet z grupy bardzo wysokiego ryzyka choroby sercowo-naczyniowej

Wstęp: Witamina D ma duży wpływ na kontrolę biologicznych funkcji organizmu pod wieloma względami. Znaczenie witaminy D w patogenezie i leczeniu rożnych chorób zostało wielokrotnie opisane. Jednym z najszerzej omawianych w literaturze problemów jest znaczenie niedoborów witaminy D w patogenezie nadciśnienia. Związek ten jest szczególnie ważny u pacjentoów obciążonych zwiększonym ryzykiem choroby sercowo-naczyniowej, co bez wątpienia obejmuje osoby ze zdiagnozowaną chorobą układu sercowo-naczyniowego. Celem tej pracy jest określenie związku pomiędzy występowaniem niedoboru witaminy D a pojawianiem się nadciśnienia u kobiet przed menopauzą o bardzo wysokim ryzyku sercowo-naczyniowym. Materiały i metody: Badaniem objęto 49 kobiet, u których wcześniej zdiagnozowano chorobę sercowo-naczyniową. U wszystkich pacjentów włączonych do badania wykonano pomiar witaminy D, wykrywając prawidłowy poziom witaminy D lub jej niedobór w oparciu o istniejące kryteria. Pacjentów zbadano również w kierunku nadciśnienia. Autorzy dokonali przeglądu dokumentacji medycznej pod kątem występowania nadciśnienia. Pomiary ciśnienia krwi były wykonywane przy przyjęciu do szpitala, przed wykonaniem operacji przez wykwalifikowanego lekarza według obowiązujących wytycznych. Wyniki: Średni wiek badanej populacji wynosił 47,7 lat  ± 13,4 roku. Średnia wartość BMI wynosiła 25,2 kg/m2. Niedobór witaminy D zdiagnozowano u 25 pacjentek (51%), a nadciśnienie u 30 (61,2%). W grupie pacjentek z niedoborem witaminy D nadciśnienie wystąpiło u 18 (72%), podczas gdy w grupie bez niedoboru witaminy D nadciśnienie zdiagnozowano u 50% kobiet (12). Obserwowana różnica między grupami była znacząca statystycznie (p = 0,049). Nie zaobserwowano różnicy w częstości występowania innych czynników ryzyka sercowo-naczyniowego pomiędzy grupami, łącznie z częstością występowania dyslipidemii i uzależnienia od nikotyny. Wniosek: Związek nadciśnienia z niedoborem witaminy D był wielokrotnie podkreślany w wielu opracowaniach naukowych. W badanej grupie pacjentów o bardzo wysokim ryzyku sercowo naczyniowym potwierdziliśmy istnienie związku pomiędzy niedoborem witaminy D i występowaniem nadciśnienia. Dokładne potwierdzenie tego zagadnienia wymaga dalszych, szeroko zakrojonych badań, ale już to badanie wskazuje na znaczenie suplementacji witaminy D w tej grupie pacjentów.