Najnowsze tendencje w europejskim i polskim prawie telekomunikacyjnym: wyzwanie dla nauki i praktyki

Sektor telekomunikacyjny, jako mocno innowacyjny, podlega nieustannym zmianom legislacyjnym i regulacyjnym, dostosowującym przepisy prawa telekomunikacyjnego oraz praktykę ich stosowania do stale rozwijającego się środowiska technologicznego. W artykule wskazano zmiany, jakim ostatnio poddany został sektor telekomunikacyjny w prawie europejskim, oraz omówiono zakres obecnie trwających prac nowelizujących aktualny unijny pakiet regulacyjny dla telekomunikacji. Omówiono również niedociągnięcia polskiego sektora telekomunikacyjnego charakteryzującego się relatywnie niskim poziomem wdrażania unijnego pakietu regulacyjnego dla telekomunikacji. Autorzy artykułu, na tle omawiania nowelizacji ustawy z dnia 7 maja 2010 r. o wspieraniu rozwoju usług i sieci telekomunikacyjnych, wskazują na konieczność intensywnego nadrabiania zapóźnienia technologicznego, zapóźnienia w upowszechnianiu nowych technologii oraz zintensyfikowania implementacji unijnego pakietu regulacyjnego dla telekomunikacji

Absolute invalidity of contracts concluded without applying the provisions of the Act on Public Procurement

Ustawa Prawo zamówień publicznych przewiduje cywilnoprawną sankcję unieważnialności (nieważności względnej) umowy w sprawie zamówienia publicznego zawartej w sytuacji, gdy zamawiający dopuścił się któregoś z naruszeń przepisów Pzp. W przepisach Pzp nie przewidziano natomiast expressis verbis zastosowania sankcji unieważnialności umowy w sprawie zamówienia publicznego, która została zawarta bez stosowania ustawy Pzp, a więc z całkowitym pominięciem przepisów Pzp, w sytuacji gdy istniał obowiązek zawarcia tej umowy przy stosowaniu Pzp. W artykule wykazuje się, że w obecnym stanie prawnym sankcja bezwzględnej nieważności musi być aplikowana do umowy, która jest zamówieniem publicznym i podlega ustawie Pzp, ale która została zawarta bez stosowania Pzp, tj. z całkowitym pominięciem przepisów Pzp.Act on Public Procurement provides for civil law sanction of voidability (absolute invalidity) of contracts on public procurement, concluded in situations whereby the ordering party committed a breach of provisions of Public Procurement Law. The provisions of Public Procurement Law do not provide for expressis verbis of applying sanctions of voidability of contracts on public procurement which were concluded without applying the Act on Public Procurement, thus with a complete omission of the provisions of Public Procurement Law in a situation when an obligation of concluding such a contract was in place whilst applying Public Procurement Law. The article presents that at present, the sanction of absolute invalidity has to be applied in case of contracts which are public orders and which fall within the scope of the Act on Public Procurement, but which have been concluded without applying Public Procurement Law, that is with entire omission of the provisions of this Law

Assessment of the proposed amendment of Article 156 and 158 of the Code of Administrative Proceedings

Amendments of the Code of Administrative Proceedings, suggested in the assessed petition, introduce an exclusion of the possibility of declaring an administrative decision invalid, if the decision has been issued without legal basis or with a gross infringement of law, after 10 years from the day the decision has been delivered or published. The proposed solution consisting of an application of the limitation period set out in Article 156 para. 2 of the Code even to such decisions issued without legal basis or with the gross infringement of law which have not been a basis for acquiring a right or expectative of a right (wider than in the Constitutional Tribunal’s judgment, ref. no. P 46/13) – stays, in the author’s opinion, in accordance with Article 2 of Polish Constitution and it could be regarded as optimally balancing the principle of the rule of law, the principle of legal certainty and the principle of the protection of legitimate expectation. Moreover, the author claims that introducing the new Article 158 para. 3 of the Code, according to which a declaration a questioned decision as invalid due to its issue without legal basis or with a gross infringement of law of issue of a decision with an infringement of law shall constitute grounds for declaration of invalidity of a decision issued on the basis of the former one, is justified

Legal opinion on a bill to amend the Act amending the Act on the Principles of Financing Science and of some other Acts (Sejm Paper No. 2086) (BAS‑WAL 283/14)

The author claims that the proposed bill requires more work on the part of the legislature. He points out that it is not justified or fair to require a scientific worker employed in more than one research establishment to make a declaration expressly indicating one of them in which he/she will be counted among the employees of that establishment who are engaged in carrying out of scientific research or development. He criticizes the imposition of limitation on the types of admissible allegations to be contained in the application for reconsideration of a given case, applicable on the basis of the proposed Article 14. Moreover, the list of criteria to be taken into account in the allocation of funds should not be exhaustive

Assessment of the committee’s Bill on Amendment of the Act on Management of Real Estates

In the author’s opinion, with regard to the use of reliefs in connection with the imposition of the adjacency fee the bill is insufficiently consistent with constitutional principles, in particular with the constitutional principle of equality before the law. De lege ferenda the provisions of this bill should optimize the implementation of relevant constitutional standards. However, the author points out, that the committee’s bill is consistent with the provisions of the European Union law concerning state aid. It is also emphasized in the article that the provisions of the bill contain many technical and legislative defects, which de lege ferenda should be eliminated

Legal opinion on the interpretation of certain provisions of the Act on the Principles of Determination of Salaries of Persons Directing Certain Companies

There is a possibility of imposing sanctions on the subjects entitled to execute their share rights in the provisions of another act. Author claims that a statement described in the Article 3 Paragraph 1 of the Act is obligatory only for “a candidate” for the member of the managing body. It is also stated that, due to the provisions of the Act, the members of such body are only required to conclude a contract for the services of managing, what excludes contracts of employment. The provisions of the Act do not justify any kind of expiration of the already concluded contracts in case of lack of the resolution on salaries. Moreover, not-fulfilling a duty of concluding contracts for managing services does not have an impact on the validity of the contracts concluded before entry in to force of the Act. The Act does not impose expiration of the relations created by such contracts of employment

Legal opinion on a bill on the Bank Guarantee Fund, the deposit guarantee system and forced restructuring

The author provides a critical evaluation of the bill, pointing out that, among others, it does not contain a legal definition of the term “equity facility”, which can give raise to numerous interpretative doubts. The author proposes improvement of this definition due to the significant size of that concept and the need to efficiently navigate the text of the act at the time of its existence. He also puts forward changes to avoid a conflict with a European Union rule. The provisions concerning the organization and operation procedure of the Bank Guarantee Fund does not provide the operational and structural independence of each individual function of the Fund, which also is in conflict with European Union law. In the author’s opinion, the bill deserves further legislative consideration

Legal opinion on the new EU directives on public procurement and concession contracts

The purpose of this opinion is to assess the new EU Directives reforming the EU public procurement law and the award of concession contracts. The adoption of the above‑mentioned directives concludes the more than two‑year legislative work of the EU on the new legal framework of public procurement. The author provides an analysis of the concept of “public contract” and “concession” contained in Directives 2014/23, 2014/24 and 2014/25, which clarifies the definition contained in the current EU legislation. He points out the changes introduced by the new directives, including mandatory system of administrative cooperation between Member States, with exemptions for public contracts and concessions for certain services, new procurement procedures through innovative partnerships and provisions for administrative and regulatory governance

Legal opinion on the provision of Article 71 of the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes Against the Polish Nation (BAS-WAL-1831-1815)

In the author’s view, Article 71 of the Act on the National Remembrance Institute (IPN) it is a good legislative product which does not require changes. The possible establishment of supervision of the Inspector General for Personal Data Protection of the processing of personal data by the IPN would be a disproportionate obstacle to the Institute’s work, especially since the existing legal instruments of data protection and the rights of persons whose data are processed, has already formed an effective and tight system. According to the author, those regulations are consistent both with Article 51 of Poland’s Constitution and with EU law and the provisions of Article 8 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, due to connections between the work of the Institute and the issue of protection of national security, that is a matter which remains the sole responsibility of Member States