Gorzsa késo Neolit tell telepulésrol elokeult kŐeszkÖzÖk archeometriai vizsgÁlatÁnak elŐzetes eredményei (Tisza Kultura, DK MagyarorszÁg)

A multidisciplinary study of the stone tool assemblage from the Late Neolithic, tell settlement of Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa (Tisza Culture) is in progress, involving traditional typological classification of instruments combined with functional analyses and archaeometric analyses for the study of raw material provenance. The site lies at the confluence of the Tisza and Maros rivers in the Great Hungarian Plain, where stone resources are not directly available and had to be acquired from distant areas. In terms of absolute chronology, 14C calibrated dates place the occupation of the tell roughly between 4970-4380 Cal BC. During several seasons of excavations, conducted from 1978 to 1996, ca 1,000 square meters of the tell settlement were investigated and about 820 stone artefacts were collected. This paper is provide a preliminary report on the archaeometric analyses of the polished and ground stone assemblage from this tell-site. Raw material determination was conducted starting with macroscopic and petrographic microscopic studies in thin section, together with magnetic susceptibility measurements. The dominant raw material types of the polished, cutting edged stone tools are hornfels, basalt, basic intrusive and dyke rocks (dolerite-metadolerite-metamicrogabbro), moreover several other rock types were used subordinately. Among the grinding stones and abrasive implements, the most important raw materials are different types of sandstones, andesite, granitoide-metagranitoide, mica rich metasedimentary rocks, quartzite and limestone. Studies of ceramics and chipped stone tools have shown that the tell Gorzsa had extensive cultural and economic relationships with neighbouring sites and archaeological cultures. Provenance studies of the rocks employed for the stone assemblage suggest similar results, enlarging the range of possible cultural connection