Handoff Latency of Voice over Internet Protocol in Mobile IPv6

Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is a protocol that is proposed for the future of the mobile Internet access. The aim of MIPv6 is provide uninterrupted connection while being mobile. VoIP has stringent delay requirement and to improve the performance of VoIP, handoff latency must be keep as low as possible. In this paper the implementation of Fast Handover Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) is modeled and simulated using NS2. The performance is analyzed for typical PCM G.711 voice coding scheme for both MIPv6 and FMIPv6

Mobility prediction method for vehicular network using Markov chain

This paper proposes mobility prediction technique via Markov Chains with an input of user’s mobile data traces to predict the user’s movement in wireless network. The main advantage of this method is prediction will give knowledge of user’s movement in advance even in fast moving vehicle. Furthermore, the information from prediction result will be use to assist handover procedure by reserve resource allocation in advance in vehicular network. This algorithm is simple and can be computed within short time, thus the implementation of this technique will give the significant impact especially on higher speed vehicle. Finally, an experiment is performed using real mobile user data traces as input for Markov chain to predict next user movement. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, MATLAB simulations are carried out with several users under same location zone. The results show that the proposed method predicts have good performance which is 30 of mobile users achieved 100 of prediction accuracy

Biological inspired secure autonomous routing mechanism for wireless sensor networks

The field of wireless sensor network (WSN) is an important and challenging research area today. Advancements in sensor networks enable a wide range of environmental monitoring applications. Multihop routing in WSN is affected by new nodes constantly entering/leaving. Moreover, secure routing is a difficult problem due to the resource limitations in WSN. Thus, biological inspired algorithms are reviewed and enhanced to tackle the problems. Ant routing and human security system have shown excellent performance. Certain parameters as energy level, velocity, packet reception, dropping, mismatch rates and packet sending power are considered while making decision. The decision will come up with the optimal route and also to take best action against security attacks. In this paper, the design and initial work of BIOlogical Inspired Secure Autonomous Routing Protocol (BIOSARP) is presented. The proposed bio-inspired mechanism will meet the enhanced WSN requirements, including better delivery ratio, less energy consumption and routing overhead

Implementation of biological routing protocol in Tunnel Wireless Sensor Network (TWSN)

A routing protocol is a core issue in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) especially on undetermined situation and crucial condition to guarantee the transmission of data. Therefore, any implementation of routing protocol in a tunnel environment will suit with their application to minimize dropped data in its communication. This paper presents a biological routing protocol named as Biological Tunnel Routing Protocol (BioTROP) in Tunnel Wireless Sensor Network (TWSN). BioTROP has been tested with four challenging situations for marking its standard soon. By setting it in low power transmission, all nodes appear as source node and intermediate nodes concurrently, faster transmission rate and free-location setup for each node; these conditions make BioTROP as an ad-hoc protocol with lightweight coding size in tunnel environment. This protocol is tested only in real test bed experiment using 7 TelosB nodes at a predetermined distance. The results have shown more than 70 percent of the transmitted data packets were successfully delivered at the base station

Network coding techniques for VANET advertising applications

Network coding is an emerging technique known to improve the network performance in many aspects. In Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET), the bandwidth is considered to be one of the most important network resources. In this paper, we propose a network coding technique to improve the bandwidth utilization for non-safety applications in VANET. In a scenario where there are two sources broadcasting the data into the same area at the same time, the relay will use the network coding technique to decrease the number of rebroadcasting events and the consumption of the bandwidth, However, a fundamental problem for the relay when it receives a packet, is whether to wait for a coding opportunity and save the bandwidth or send the packet directly and reduce the delay. In order to address such tradeoff, we introduce two versions of our protocol, namely buffer size control scheme (BSCS) and time control scheme (TCS); by both versions we aim to control the delay that is experienced by the packet at each hop, while achieving better bandwidth utilization. Up to 38 % improvement in the bandwidth utilization has been recorded, and both schemes have shown a considerable amount of control on the imposed delay

Biological inspired autonomously secure mechanism for wireless sensor networks

Wireless communication plays an important role in these days in the sector of telecommunication and has huge importance for future research. There has been an exponential growth in wireless communication due to the development of different devices and applications. In addition, there is an explosive increase in integration and convergence of different heterogonous wireless networks to ensure effective and efficient communication. These technologies primarily includes Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Wireless Personal Area Net-works (WPANs), and the Internet. The cellular networks can be classified under the WWAN, Blue-tooth, and Ultrawide Bands classified as WPANs, and finally the WLANs and High-Performance Radio Local Area Networks (HiperLANs) belongs to the WLAN class

Deployment of Optimized Algorithm for MPEG-4 Data Over Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

Typical Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) always deals with scalar data such as temperature. These types of data are suitable for low rate networking technology such as IEEE802.15.4. Transmitting a video for IEEE 802.15.4 raised other challenges for bandwidth limited sensor networks like WSN. The optimization method able to determine the optimal limit for quantization scale, group of picture and frame per second in order to suit the WSN environment. Changing these parameters affects the bandwidth requirement and video quality in term of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). This project aims to create an embedded code in TelG mote according to this concept. Results from experiment show improvements in packet delivery ratio of 28% for Akiyo qcif file, 27% for Foreman qcif file and 9% for Mobile qcif file. This work proved that the method has successfully increased the network performance

Seamless SIP multimedia session transfer on IPv6 network via device switching

Due to significant popularity of Location-based Services and Multimedia communication over mobile devices, there are many researches has been conducted to extend the features of location tracking and make it cost-effective to users. It becomes necessary for the users to have seamless communication with automated switching of software applications. This paper focuses on the performance of indoor location tracking system on IPv6 Network Island with multiple real time applications that has location assisted transfer for mobile users. RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) mechanism has been used to locate the moving nodes. The developed location tracking server is having dynamic and centralized MySQL database management system. SIP (Session Initial Protocols) user agent has been used to deploy intercommunicating of multimedia data for instance; video and audio conference, text messaging among the moving nodes and user can transfer the seamlessly transfer the session to their nearest mobile node which will be determined by the Location Server. This paper is going to discuss about the seamless performance of SIP during the session transference. The developed project is cost-effective and precisely conducive for the industries or any indoor organization. The prototype of the project has been successfully developed and has been tested as well. The results show the seamless connectivity of the multimedia application during device switching

MPEG-4 video transmission using distributed TDMA MAC protocol over IEEE 802.15.4 wireless technology

The issues of green technology nowadays give an inspiration to the researcher to make all the future design to be energy efficient. Medium Access Control (MAC) layer is the most effective layer to provide energy efficient due to its ability to control the physical radio directly. One of the important applications in the future is a video transmission that can be transmitted with low-cost and low power consumption. MPEG-4 is one of the international standards for moving video. MPEG-4 provide better compression and primarily design at low bit rate communication. In order to achieve good quality for video application, the design at MAC layer must be strong. Therefore, to increase the performance of the MPEG-4 in IEEE 802.15.4, in this paper we propose a cross layer design between MAC layer and Application layer. A priority queue will be implemented at MAC scheduling depends on the level of frame important in MPEG-4 format frame. A distributed Time division Multiple Access (TDMA) will be used for MAC protocol to provide reliable data transmission for high priority frame

Analytical prediction of highly sensitive CNT-FET-based sensor performance for detection of gas molecule

In this study, a set of new analytical models to predict and investigate the impacts of gas adsorption on the electronic band structure and electrical transport properties of the single-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (SWCNT-FET) based gas sensor are proposed. The sensing mechanism is based on introducing new hopping energy and on-site energy parameters for gas-carbon interactions representing the charge transfer between gas molecules (CO2, NH3, and H2O) and the hopping energies between carbon atoms of the CNT and gas molecule. The modeling starts from the atomic level to the device level using the tight-binding technique to formulate molecular adsorption effects on the energy band structure, density of states, carrier velocity, and I-V characteristics. Therefore, the variation of the energy bandgap, density of states and current-voltage properties of the CNT sensor in the presence of the gas molecules is discovered and discussed. The simulated results show that the proposed analytical models can be used with an electrical CNT gas sensor to predict the behavior of sensing mechanisms in gas sensors