Combinatorial hydrogel library enables identification of materials that mitigate the foreign body response in primates

The foreign body response is an immune-mediated reaction that can lead to the failure of implanted medical devices and discomfort for the recipient. There is a critical need for biomaterials that overcome this key challenge in the development of medical devices. Here we use a combinatorial approach for covalent chemical modification to generate a large library of variants of one of the most widely used hydrogel biomaterials, alginate. We evaluated the materials in vivo and identified three triazole-containing analogs that substantially reduce foreign body reactions in both rodents and, for at least 6 months, in non-human primates. The distribution of the triazole modification creates a unique hydrogel surface that inhibits recognition by macrophages and fibrous deposition. In addition to the utility of the compounds reported here, our approach may enable the discovery of other materials that mitigate the foreign body response.Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (3-SRA-2014-285-M-R)United States. National Institutes of Health (EB000244)United States. National Institutes of Health (EB000351)United States. National Institutes of Health (DE013023)United States. National Institutes of Health (CA151884)United States. National Institutes of Health (P41EB015871-27)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (P30-CA14051

UPWARD COMMUNICATION IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY: AN EXPERIMENTAL FIELD STUDY OF PERCEIVED MESSAGE DISTORTION.

Abstract not availabl

The Relationship Between Message Distortion and Job Satisfaction—a Field Study

This paper reports the results of a field study investigating the relationship between perceived message distortion and job satisfaction. A single hypothesis was tested: There is a positive correlation between a superior's job satisfaction and the extent to which he perceives messages from his sub ordinates as accurate. Both the hypothesis and interpretation of data are discussed in terms of communication as the sine qua non of any organization.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68451/2/10.1177_002194367401100405.pd

Disclosure, leaks, and slips: Issues and strategies for prohibiting employee communication

Both popular and social science literature are replete with recommendations for enhancing communication effectiveness, typically defined as improving the clarity and impact of the spoken and written word. However, managing internal organizational processes and external market competitiveness often requires a different communication strategy, specifically silence and non-disclosure, while adhering to statutory regulations. This article summarizes the rationale for communication prohibitions, highlights counter forces mitigating their intended effects, and offers recommendations for successful implementation. The three major counter forces are: employee motivation and perception, changing socio-cultural norms, and organizational structures reflecting virtual teams and project teams. The eight recommendations for combating these forces are subsumed under one of two categories: creating an organizational culture supporting prohibitions, and executing the prohibitions with a minimum of employee resistance. In summary, employees charged with maintaining secrecy and adhering to non-disclosure prohibitions must view those restrictions as reasonable, warranted, equitable, and legal.

Mengefektifkan kinerja : saran untuk menghadapi 44 jenis orang yang menimbulkan masalah di lingkungan kerja

xi, 278 hlm.: ilus.; 24 c

Mengefektifkan Kinerja

xi 278 ha