Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy : political and legal views and protection of religious rights

Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy is not only a well-known Russian writer, but a significant social leader who has made a great contribution to promoting unique political-legal views on law, government system, international relations, education and other important spheres of life. In the article the author provides an analysis of Tolstoy’s fundamental ideas considering major social fields. The reasons in personal life that affected his involvement in political and legal processes are studied. In the context of human rights protection Tolstoy actively acted on behalf of the Russian Doukhobors who had to emigrate at the end of XIXth-beginning of the XXth century from Russia to Canada. Many episodes in Tolstoy’s literary works are written on the real judicial cases, which demonstrated the legal system faults, unfairness of the existed social and political model. One of the major Tolstoy’s idea was pacifism, refusal of military actions in favor of diplomatic and peaceful conflict resolution that in years become more crucial in the modern society. Tostoy paid great attention to the analysis of the social structure of the Russian village, customary law of the peasants and their relations with state authorities. Tolstoy’s political and legal views present unique source of approaches and knowledge for minimization of the negative modern problems of Russian such as legal nihilism, law legal culture, corruption, bureaucracy. His literary heritage contains deep philosophical, methodological, fundamental ideas on the essence of life, mission of a human, role of the religion, civil and state institutions which could be considered as “eternal topics”, study of which for centuries showed constant interest and search by generations genuine values and constants of life.peer-reviewe

Boris Pilnyak’s americanisms in the novel "Ok"

В заглавии ошибочно "amarcanisms"В названии статьи ошибочно указано amarcanism

Theodore Dreiser's First Novel (to the 115th Anniversary of “Sister Carrie's” Publishing)

AbstractThe article is devoted to Theodore Dreiser's skill as a writer of a novel. His first book “Sister Carrie” characterized his writer's manner in which the author was unhurried deliberate and thorough master. In his first novel Th. Dreiser shows himself as a deep psychologist and stylist. “Sister Carrie” is a landmark in the history of American literature as well as in the history of world realistic literature of the XXth century

Russian Writers’ Impressions of America in the Mirror of American Literary Criticism

AbstractThis article analyzes the monographs of American theorists of literature devoted to the study of artistic responses of Russian writers who visited the USA in the 20th century. Some books appeared in critical field of American scientists: “The City of Yellow Devil” by M.Gorky, “Iron Mirgorod” by S.Yesenin, “My Discovery of America” by V.Mayakovsky, “O’key” by B.Pilniak, “The Little Gold America” by I.Ilf and Y.Petrov. In the paper the books by Gorky and Ilf and Petrov are analyzed. American approach to these works is shown in different ways: from critics to estimation of their positive influence on Russians’ attitude towards the USA

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ ПОЛИНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ КЛАССОВ НА ДОСТИЖЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ УСПЕШНОСТИ

Multicultural and polyethnic diversity of the population is a characteristic trend of the world community. The polyethnic environment of the school can be, on the one hand, a basis for the manifestation of tolerance, interethnic interaction, and on the other hand, a high degree of ethnic identity of students can cause inter-ethnic conflicts, hostility to the representatives of a different nationality. Ethnic identity is formed in the context of the socialization of the younger schoolchild’s personality, which is characterized by the desire to achieve success and social recognition, social activity, indicating social success. Various kinds of contradictions appear between ethnic identity and the achievement of social success of younger schoolchildren in the multinational classes. The study examined the impact of ethnic identity on the achievement of younger schoolchildren’s social success in the multinational classes. The sample consisted of 236 primary school children aged 8-9 years old. multinational Correlation analysis identified positive relationships between ethnic identity and such indicators of social success as proneness to conflict, the aspiration for power, the tendency to affiliation and negative relationships between sociometric status and cohesion. High ethnic identity of younger schoolchildren in the multinational classes does not affect satisfaction with school life; achieving success in general increases the tendency to group recognition and respect, but at the same time impedes the achievement of favorable sociometric status and cohesion in the classroom, increasing proneness to conflict between the classmates.La diversidad multicultural y polietnica de la población es una tendencia característica de la comunidad mundial. El ambiente polieténico de la escuela puede ser, por un lado, una base para la manifestación de tolerancia, interacción interétnica y, por otro lado, un alto grado de identidad étnica de los estudiantes puede causar conflictos interétnicos, hostilidad hacia los representantes. de una nacionalidad diferente. La identidad étnica se forma en el contexto de la socialización de la personalidad del menor escolar, que se caracteriza por el deseo de lograr el éxito y el reconocimiento social, la actividad social, lo que indica el éxito social. Aparecen varios tipos de contradicciones entre la identidad étnica y el logro del éxito social de los escolares más jóvenes en las clases multinacionales. El estudio examinó el impacto de la identidad étnica en el logro del éxito social de los escolares más jóvenes en las clases multinacionales. La muestra consistió en 236 niños de primaria de 8 a 9 años. En la muestra agregada de escolares más jóvenes que estudian en las clases multinacionales, en términos de indicadores positivos, los estudiantes socialmente exitosos se revelaron dos veces más que los socialmente no exitosos. El grupo de escolares socialmente fracasados ​​estaba formado principalmente por alumnos con un alto nivel de identidad étnica. El análisis de correlación identificó relaciones positivas entre la identidad étnica y tales indicadores de éxito social como la propensión al conflicto, la aspiración de poder, la tendencia a la afiliación y las relaciones negativas entre el estado sociométrico y la cohesión. La alta identidad étnica de los escolares más jóvenes en las clases multinacionales no afecta la satisfacción con la vida escolar; Lograr el éxito en general aumenta la tendencia al reconocimiento y respeto grupal, pero al mismo tiempo impide el logro del estado sociométrico favorable y la cohesión en el aula, lo que aumenta la propensión al conflicto entre los compañeros de clase.Поликультурное и полиэтническое разнообразие населения является характерной тенденцией мирового общества. Полиэтническая среда школы может выступать, с одной стороны, основой для проявления толерантности, межэтнического взаимодействия, с другой стороны, высокая степень этнической идентичности обучающихся может вызывать межэтнические конфликты, неприязнь к представителям иной национальности. Формирование этнической идентичности происходит в контексте социализации личности младшего школьника, которая характеризуется стремлением к достижению успеха и социальному признанию, социальной активностью, что является показателями социальной успешности. Возникают различного рода противоречия между этнической идентичностью и достижением социальной успешности младших школьников полинациональных классов. В исследовании изучалось влияние этнической идентичности на достижение социальной успешности младших школьников в полинациональных классах. Выборку составили 236 младших школьников 8-9 лет. В совокупной выборке младших школьников полинациональных классов по позитивным показателям социально успешных обучающихся выявлено в два раза больше, чем социально неуспешных. Группу социально неуспешных школьников составили в основном школьники с высоким уровнем этнической идентичности. Корреляционный анализ выявил наличие положительных взаимосвязей между этнической идентичностью и такими показателями социальной успешности как конфликтность, стремление к власти, тенденция к аффилиации и отрицательных взаимосвязей между социометрическим статусом и сплочённостью. Высокая этническая идентичность у младших школьников полинациональных классов не влияет на удовлетворённость школьной жизнью, достижение успеха в целом, усиливает тенденцию к групповому признанию и уважению, но вместе с тем препятствует достижению благоприятного социометрического статуса, сплочённости в классе, увеличивает конфликтность между одноклассниками

EPR-Investigation of Irradiated Imported Foodstuffs and Parameters of EPR Signals

Study by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) technique of a wide range of food products imported to Kazakhstan and of analogous domestic foodstuffs has been carried out in order to develop a methodic that would make it possible to control the fact of radiation sterilization of food. Elaborated method of sample preparing for EPR-study included dividing into components, removing moisture by drying or lyophilizing then grinding till dimensional work fraction. Selection of optimal conditions for spectra recording and algorithm of spectra treatment enabled authors to allocate correctly initial EPR-signals and to obtain information on shape, intensities and parameters. Model gamma-irradiations of the initial whole products with subsequent study of prepared EPR-specimen have been carried out. Influence of irradiation on the intensities of EPR-signals and possible changes of EPR-characteristics have been studied in dose range (0.1-25) kGy. EPR-signals of free radicals (FR) of radiation origin were obtained from the EPR-spectra of gamma-irradiated delicious fruits, citrus, vegetables and others. Nonmonotonous dependences of FR concentration on a dose, along with linear ones were observed. Intensities of initial signals and of radiation-induced ones are much higher in solid components, than in pulp, dependences on dose are more close to linearity, which can be used in some cases for retrospective EPR-dosimetry. The obtained results can be explained taking into account specificities of the studied objects, and probable impact of radiochemical reactions of the irradiated water products with radicals formed in substances of foodstuff at irradiation

Theoretical aspects of block stone blasting method

Block stone excavation is a key aspect of the building materials industry, important for providing construction with durable materials and when giving aesthetic solutions to various structures and design elements. However, when excavating stone (using drilling and blasting), it is necessary to maintain its integrity for further processing and use. The conditions required for applying the method of blasting separation (split off) of stone blocks from hard rock mass were considered, which is important for improving the quality of blasted stone blocks. The rational parameters of stone block blasting with Granilen elastic tubular charges (Granilen ETCs) are presented. An approach to the preliminary assessment of stone block fracturing zone under various explosive loading regimes was determined. The relationship between the consumption of explosives and fracturing of stone blocks at possible blasthole spacing was considered. The mechanism of creating an extended rupture plane in a rock mass was studied. The decisive role of stress waves in the formation of an extended main rupture along the line of blasthole charges was established. It was shown that it is possible to localize the zone of induced fracturing by regulating the conditions for the interaction of stress waves. The results of numerical modeling of stress fields at blasting a single charge and a two-charge Granilen ETC system are presented, which made it possible to assess zones of induced fracturing and the conditionsfor the formation of a main rupture. Blasting effectiveness increases significantly due to the orientation of the expected stone block separation line parallel to the plane of the best rupture, taking into account the anisotropy of the physical and mechanical properties of granites. The study confirms the feasibility of increasing the yield of commodity blocks when selecting rational blasting parameters

Observations of MeV electrons in Jupiter's innermost radiation belts and polar regions by the Juno radiation monitoring investigation: Perijoves 1 and 3

Juno's "Perijove 1" (27 August 2016) and "Perijove 3" (11 December 2016) flybys through the innermost region of Jupiter's magnetosphere (radial distances J at closest approach) provided the first in situ look at this region's radiation environment. Juno's Radiation Monitoring Investigation collected particle counts and noise signatures from penetrating high-energy particle impacts in images acquired by the Stellar Reference Unit and Advanced Stellar Compass star trackers, and the Jupiter Infrared Auroral Mapper infrared imager. This coordinated observation campaign sampled radiation at the inner edges of the high-latitude lobes of the synchrotron emission region and more distant environments. Inferred omnidirectional >5 MeV and >10 MeV electron fluxes derived from these measurements provide valuable constraints for models of relativistic electron environments in the inner radiation belts. Several intense bursts of high-energy particle counts were also observed by the Advanced Stellar Compass in polar regions outside the radiation belts