Some Classes of Bipartite Graphs Induced by Gray Codes

A Gray code of length n is a list of all binary words of length n such that each two successive codewords differ in only one bit position. If the first and the last codewords also share this property, the Gray code is called cyclic, otherwise it is called non-cyclic. The numbers indicating bit positions in where two successive codewords differ in the list of Gray codes are called transition numbers, and the sequence of these all numbers is called the transition sequence of the Gray code. In this article, bit positions of a Gray code of length n will be counted from 1 up until n. If a graph with vertex set {1, 2, ..., n} having the property that two vertices i and j are adjacent in the graph if and only if, i and j are consecutive transitions in the transition sequence of a Gray code, then the graph is called induced by the Gray code. Some classes of bipartite graphs are shown to be induced by Gray codes. Particularly, we show that complete bipartite graphs are induced by Gray codes

Contribution of Prior Knowledge, Appreciation of Mathematics and Logical-mathematical Intelligence to the Ability of Solving Mathematical Problems

The objectives of this research were to figure out the contribution of prior knowledge, appreciation of mathematics and logical-mathematical intelligence toward the ability to solve mathematical problems as well as to explore the errors made by students in solving mathematical problems concerning polyhedron. The population of this research consisted of 3,583 students of grade IX of all state middle schools across over Denpasar City. The sampling technique we used was a stratified cluster random sampling technique with samples number of 553 students. The type of this research is ex-post facto research with path analysis technique. The data were collected by using questionnaires and carrying out a mathematical ability test. Furthermore, the kinds of students answers on the ability to solve mathematical problems were analyzed to study the errors made by the students. The results of the research show two regression relationships, namely X3 = 0.523X1 + 0.636X2 + 0.506ɛ3 and Y = 0.640X1 + 0.264X2 + 0.280X3 + 0.311ɛY. The first regression relationship indicates that (1) the contribution of mathematical appreciation towards prior knowledge is of 52.3 percent, and (2) the contribution of logical-mathematical intelligence towards prior knowledge is of 63.3 percent. Whereas the second regression relationship describes that (1) the direct contribution of mathematical appreciation towards the ability of solving mathematical problems is of 64 percent, and the indirect contribution is of 14.6 percent, (2) the direct contribution of logical-mathematical intelligence to the ability of solving mathematical problems was is of 26.4 percent, and the indirect contribution is of 17.8 percent, (3) the direct contribution of prior knowledge towards the ability solving mathematical problems is of 28 percent, (4) the mathematical appreciation and logical-mathematical intelligence contributed simultaneously towards prior knowledge is of 74.4 percent, (5) the mathematical appreciation, logical-mathematical intelligence, and prior knowledge contributed simultaneously towards the ability to solve mathematical problems is 90.3 percent. Furthermore, based on the analysis of students answers in mathematical ability test showed that the students still made errors in the concept of prior knowledge, in interpreting questions and weaknesses in arithmetic skills related to logical-mathematical intelligence

Pengaruh Jiwa Kewirausahaan dan Manajemen Agribisnis terhadap Keberhasilan Gapoktan Simantri di Kabupaten Tabanan

Bali Provincial Government has been implementing a program Simantri since 2009, until now reached the number of 419 units Simantri. Simantri program is a groundbreaking effort to further streamline farm through crop and livestock waste utilization with concept of no waste (zero waste). Simantri success is influenced by many factors, among others the ability of entrepreneurship and agribusiness management.The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of entrepreneurship and agribusiness management towards the successful of Simantri in Tabanan. The study was conducted on Gapoktan Simantri from 2009-2011. The unit of analysis is the study Poktan Simantri executor. The number of samples was determined by 21 Poktan executive with 84 respondents consisting of administrators and members representing. Engineering analysis data using Partial Least Square (PLS) with the help of Smart PLS program . The results showed that the entrepreneurial spirit is very significant positive effect on the success of Simantri, as well as the management of agribusiness. Agribusiness management turns a very significant positive effect on the success of Simantri. This suggests that the entrepreneurial spirit of great influence in shaping the quality of human resources so as to implement agribusiness management and eager to achieve the performance in implementing Simantri. Suggestions for implementing Poktan of Simantri members is that the entrepreneurial spirit should grow or strengthened, especially in changing the mindset of associating with a more flexible search for information to Simantri who has managed to be more motivated to be successful running the Simantri. Poktan Simantri implementing institutional groups should also increasing so as to innovate in developing technology based agribusiness innovation with the development of diversified products in Simantri

Marketing Systems of Calf Bali

Maintenance calf breeders Bali less profitable for farmers may even affect revenues and increase production costs so that the habit of selling livestock farmers owned calf after the age of 6-8 months with relatively low prices because there is the determinant of the price of the middleman (broker). This can happen because the knowledge of the marketing of livestock products, especially on the price of calf Bali is not known with certainty and easily by livestock farmers. Knowing the purpose of this study is the cause farmers to sell, as well as the motivation of farmers to produce and market a calf Bali. Analyze marketing channels, as well as the impact on the income of farmers. Finding the calf Bali marketing system that is able to increase the income of farmers. Problems in this study are why farmers tend to sell calves? How marketing channels, income, motivation, as well as the government\u27s role in helping farmers to increase their income from the sale calf? This research is explorative through surveys designed as a research explanation (explanatory research design)

Kelayakan Usaha Budidaya Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias Gariepinus) dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan Petani Ikan Lele di Kabupaten Tabanan

African catfish production in Tabanan in 2010 is not able to meet demand, so the shortcomings come from outside the regency of Tabanan, in terms of land Tabanan regency has vast untapped potential. The high demand for African catfish contains high nutrition, delicious, cheap, and easily cultivated. But the fact that the fish farmers have worked and many have failed. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of financial, marketing, and social African catfish fish cultivation and its impact on catfish farmers income. The research method used survey research approach to the analysis of quantitative and qualitative methods. Research sites in Tabanan regency. The scope of the feasibility study includes an analysis of the financial aspects, marketing, social, and its effect on catfish farmers income. The results showed that the financial aspects of the business viable, marketing and social. The feasibility aspects of marketing have the most dominant effect on farmers income compared to the financial and social aspects. Changes in output price are more than sensitive than the input. The need for venture capital is large enough for catfish farmers. Based on the conclusions can be suggested: (1) efforts should be developed to be able to further increase farmers income, (2) an increase in scale effort to increase profits, implement effective technologies, increasing knowledge and skills of African catfish aquaculture, (3) respond to any trend of development output prices so did not experience greater losses, (4) Government policies need to prepare capital cheaper and easier

Adopsi Inovasi PTT pada Sekolah Lapang Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (SL-PTT) Padi di Kecamatan Sukawati, Kabupaten Gianyar

Innovation PTT consists of 12 components that can be recommended to improve rice yields and production efficiency by taking into account the input of natural resources wisely . The purpose of this study is (1) To describe the behavior of farmers and the rate of adoption of innovation PTT, (2) to analyze the influence of the characteristics of farmers, extension workers and the nature of innovation competence PTT on farmer behavior , (3) to analyze the influence of the characteristics of farmers, extension workers and the nature of innovation competence PTT the adoption of PTT innovation, and (4) to analyze the influence of behavioral factors on the adoption of PTT in District Sukawati innovation . The population in this study were all farmers who have followed the SL - PTT program in 2012 in the district of Sukawati. The number of samples in this study were 157 farmer respondents, obtained from 10 % of the population with proportional Random sampling method. The types of data collected in this study is qualitative and quantitative data . Data analysis used descriptive analysis and statistical analysis with analysis tools Partial Least Square ( PLS ) Visual 1.04bl version . The results showed that (1) The behavior of farmers and the rate of innovation adoption of PTT in the District of Sukawati were high, (2) Characteristics of farmers, extension workers and the nature of innovation competence significantly affect farmers behavior, (3) The nature of innovation significantly affect innovation adoption PTT, while the characteristics of farmers and extension workers competence did not significantly affect the adoption of PTT innovation , and (4) The behavior of farmers significantly affect innovation adoption of PTT in District Sukawati . PTT Innovation Adoption in District Sukawati only influenced by the nature and behavior of innovation PTT farmers. Advice can be given is (1) The intensity of assistance that are applicable extension needs to be improved so as to fix the application of skills and legowo row planting method, fertilizer N based on leaf color chart, pest and disease control with crop rotation and the use of biological pesticides by farmers; (2) Extension should pay attention and use the properties of PTT innovation in assisting the farmers, and; (3) There needs to be a model and other studies with different variables

Doe Productivity of Boerawa Goat on Rural Condition

Abstract. This research was carried out at Gisting sub-District, Tanggamus Regency, in order to find out doe productivity of Boerawa goat on rural on condition. This research involved 120 doe Boerawa goat housed in elevated barns. Measurements were performed to evaluate the litter size, birth weight, weight at weaning, and pre-weaning mortality. The results of the present research showed that birth weight of the kids was 3.10 kg and 2.94 kg for male and female, respectively. The average birth weight was based on the type of birth 3.20 kg and 3.04 kg for the single versus twin born kids. It was documented that the average weight at weaning of the kids were 17.12 kg and 16.23 kg for male and female, respectively. Whereas based on birth type, the average weight was of the single born kids and the twin at weaning were 17.30 versus 16.63 kg. In addition, doe reproduction index was 2.36 weaned kids/year, and the average doe productivity was 41.52 kg. Keywords: Boerawa goat, doe productivity, rural condition. Abstrak.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Gisting Kabupaten Tanggamus, dalam rangka untuk mengetahui produktivitas induk kambing Boerawa pada kondisi pedesaan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 120 induk kambing Boerawa yang dipelihara di kandang panggung. Pengukuran dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi ukuran jumlah cempe sekelahiran, bobot lahir, bobot sapih, dan kematian pra-sapih. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bobot lahir cempe adalah 3,10 kg dan 2,94 kg (masing-masing untuk jantan dan betina). Bobot lahir rata-rata didasarkan pada tipe kelahiran tunggal dan kembar adalah masing-masing 3.20 kg dan 3,04 kg. Diperoleh hasil bahwa bobot sapih adalah 17,12 kg dan 16,23 kg (masing-masing untuk jantan dan betina). Sedangkan berdasarkan tipe kelahiran, bobot sapih rata-rata dari tipe kelahiran tunggal dan kembar adalah 17.30 dan 16.63 kg. Selain itu, indeks reproduksi induk sebesar 2,36 cempe sapihan/tahun, dan produktivitas induk rata-rata adalah 41,52 kg. Kata kunci: Kambing Boerawa, produktivitas induk , kondisi pedesaan.K Adhianto et al./Animal Production 15(1):31-39, January 201