Dialogue-based evaluation as a creative climate indicator

This paper examines how different forms of performance evaluation relate to aspects of the creative climate in a major pharmaceutical company. The study was based on a large employee-attitude survey that was distributed to all company employees. The study analyses survey results from 5,333 employees at five R&D sites. The results indicate that management’s evaluation of employees (either dialogue-based or control-based) relates to the type of motivation (intrinsic or extrinsic) that drives employees, to their style of thinking (value-focused thinking) and on their attitudes to organizational creativity. The paper then discusses implications of these findings for HRM

Feeding Victory: 4-H, Extension, and the World War II Food Effort

4-H and the Extension Service were instrumental in contributing to the nationwide increase in food production that sustained the United States and its armed forces during World War II. At the onset of the war, the Extension Service distributed essential information at the national, state, and local levels through universities and the 4-H program. 4-H drew upon the intellectual and cultural tradition that they had cultivated to motivate and organize the food effort and help the allies win the war. 4-H’s national influence and resources provided eager allies to war-oriented programs. The war had a lasting impact on 4-H as wartime programming and innovations stayed with the organization, leaving 4-H stronger than before. The aid provided by the 4-H program during the war was rewarded by greater funding from the national government, culminating in the Bankhead-Flannagan Act of 1945. This new funding allowed the 4-H program to continue to expand and impart intellectual and cultural traditions on future generations of 4-H’ers

Mentoring Radiology Residents in Clinical and Translational Research.

To be an effective mentor at any level is always a challenge and requires a dedication to teaching and mentorship and being prepared to devote a significant proportion of one's time. But if you are open-minded and deeply care for your mentee, you have the opportunity to be a successful mentor. This presentation is based on personal experience of mentoring radiology residents, doctoral students, and post doctoral students for several years

Drivers of organizational creativity

A path model of organizational creativity was presented; it conceptualized the influences of information sharing, learning culture, motivation, and networking on creative climate. A structural equation model was fitted to data from the pharmaceutical industry to test the proposed model. The model accounted for 86% of the variance in the creative climate dependent variable. Information sharing had a positive effect on learning culture, which in turn had a positive effect on creative climate, while there were negative direct effects of information sharing on creative climate and on intrinsic motivation. This study suggests that information sharing and intrinsic motivation are important drivers for organizational creativity in a complex R&D environment in the pharmaceutical industry. Implications of the model are discussed

Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Brain: Background and Review of Clinical Applications

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75192/1/j.1617-0830.2005.00036.x.pd

Is Chapter 11 Too Favorable to Debtors? Evidence from Abroad

Chapter 11 is widely believed to be among the industrialized world\u27s most debtor-oriented reorganization laws. Critics assert that Chapter 11 is too easily available and that it allows debtors too much control by, inter alia, not requiring appointment of a trustee. One criticism of Chapter 11, low returns to unsecured creditors, resonates with an important theme of this Symposium, the Bebchuk-Fried proposal to reduce secured creditor priority in insolvency proceedings. The Chapter 11 criticisms and the Bebchuk-Fried proposal raise the question whether less easy access to Chapter 11, reduced debtor control, diminished secured creditor priority, or other changes could reduce filings and delays, improve performance, and reduce costs. Directly exploring such issues without repealing or changing Chapter 11 is not possible. Social experiments could help supply an answer. Given political and practical reality, however, such experiments are unlikely to be conducted. Second-best empirical evaluation methods will have to suffice. One method is to compare Chapter 11\u27s performance with that of a reorganization system similar to Chapter 11, but differing in some crucial respects, such as whether a trustee or other official must be appointed. Comparing Chapter 11\u27s results with those of the second system should yield insights into Chapter 11\u27s efficacy. This Article presents the results of such an empirical study. It compares data from prior Chapter 11 studies with new data on Finnish reorganizations. Finnish reorganization law is in many important respects similar to Chapter 11. But it contains two central features that are less favorable to debtors. The first feature is its early detection and termination of cases inappropriate for reorganization. A second noteworthy difference is the U.S. debtors\u27 greater influence over the reorganization plan and the information communicated to creditors. The United States is probably the only developed nation that leaves the debtor in unsupervised possession of the estate during a reorganization. This Article examines whether differences in the countries\u27 reorganization laws affect their reorganization systems\u27 performance. In particular, one expects Finnish reorganization proceedings to be more selectively employed, to be quicker, to be less likely to devote time and energy to hopeless firms, and to generate results more favorable to creditors. Our comparative analysis indicates that a greater portion of insolvent firms reorganize in the United States than in Finland. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Chapter 11\u27s prodebtor features attract more filings and induce debtors to file at an earlier stage of financial difficulty. Surprisingly, we find no evidence that the U.S. system leads to reorganization plans that are more favorable to debtors. While Finnish reorganization mechanics are more procreditor, a substantive rule requiring full payment to creditors for owners to retain ownership may generate U.S. plans that are more favorable to creditors. We confirm the favorable treatment of U.S. unsecured creditors by briefly examining results from Canada, Japan, and Australia

Networked Educational Design for Novice Principals’ Professional Development: Insights from Sweden

This paper focuses on professional development for school principals, drawing on literature on the education of leaders and school leaders' development. The Swedish National Principal Training Programme (NPTP) is a state-regulated executive education for professional principals in preschools, schools, and school-age Educare centres. It has been mandatory for all newly appointed principals in Sweden since 2010. The NPTP is a mandatory in-service programme and consists of three courses: school law and governance, governing with objectives and results, and school leadership. The programme runs over three years, parallel to working full-time as a principal. The participants are expected to spend 20% of their working time on their studies. The NPTP uses a networked educational design, which is a valuable research topic from a networked professional learning perspective. This pilot study aims to explore the role of networked educational design for novice principals' professional development and strengthened professional confidence and identity. The research question that frames the study is: In what ways do novice principals' experiences of professional development contribute to the development of their professional confidence and identity with a networked educational design? The study employed a qualitative case-study design with a purposive sampling method to include novice principals undertaking Sweden's national school training programme. Data were collected during 2018-2022 from post-programme evaluations, including individual digital questionnaires with close-ended and open-ended responses and small group oral evaluations documented in a log book. The participants were novice principals studying in the NPTP at one university in Sweden. In all, 321 school leaders from 10 cohort groups in the programme consisting of principals and deputy principals from preschool, primary, secondary, and adult education participated voluntarily. The programme evaluations were carried out during the participants' last residential stay in the programme. Results indicate the importance of residential stays and networking opportunities in the educational journey of principals. These opportunities help connect with peers, establish contacts, and acquire valuable strategies. Completing the training increased principals' professional confidence, particularly in their roles as school leaders. The study shows that the networked educational design supports the development of a professional network among principals, which enhances their professional identity and confidence. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of this networked educational design, which helps shape principals' professional identity and confidence. The findings emphasise the value of networked professional learning

Breaking the boundaries of space and time: A review of applications of bring-your-own-device in higher education

Throughout history, various technologies have been used to bridge the boundaries of time and space, from 19th-century postcard education to present day mobile technology. Previous reviews examining the first decade of the new millennium showed many research projects using institutionally owned equipment, mostly supporting a teacher-centred approach and with a focus on content delivery. With the rapid development of small, portable and smart devices since 2007, devices becoming ubiquitous in the lives of students of today, has the focus of research changed? This paper reviews journal articles published 2009-2014 with the aim to examine how mobile devices are applied to bridge the boundaries of space and time in higher educational settings, and thereby supporting networked learning for the campus classroom as well as the online student. A search in major databases for English language journal articles was conducted with phrases "mobile learning" and "higher education". We found 109 articles indicating some form of bring-your-own-device (BYOD) philosophy. Categorizations were made primarily based on the abstracts. About 85 per cent of the articles were empirical in nature. Another eight per cent were theoretical and/or argumentative. The remaining articles were reviews, method development or meta-analyses. Subjects of study in the empirical articles were primarily students, but also faculty or a combination of those appears. Geographically, most studies are concentrated in the English-speaking parts of the world, although for instance Sub-Saharan Africa could benefit from development in this area. Not surprisingly, the top three countries by number of publications are USA, UK and Australia. About a third of the articles did not deal with the dimensions of time and space explicitly. Several of the non-empirical articles are among them, and so are a group of empirical articles that examined behavioural intents, perceptions, and attitudes amongst students and faculty. The principal phenomena studied with respect to the bridging of time and space was social media, the most common variety being podcasting, followed by text- and instant-messaging and social networking. Another group addressed how learning management and support systems could be developed to better support flexibility in time and space, or attitudes, intentions and perceptions regarding mobile learning implementations. Results indicate a shift from teacher-centred content delivery approaches towards student-centred communicative approaches. Recent improvements in network infrastructure and device usability seem to afford this development for teachers and students alike. However, a more thorough analysis of the material is required to validate such a claim