Heat Transfer on the Surface of Parallel Plates in the Starting Range

This research was carried out to make clear the surface heat transfer in the starting range of parallel plates. The laminar heat transfer in the range was theoretically analysed and compared with the experimental results, and the turbulent heat transfer was made clear by various experiments. In the theoretical analysis, the distributions of both velocity and temperature were approximated by the biquadratic equations and the solutions were obtained taking into consideration the fact that the velocity of the main stream accelerates as the boundary layer from the walls grow. Regarding the velocity boundary layer, the results of this solution agree well with that of the Schlichting's exact analysis. Moreover, the theoretical result of the laminar heat transfer agrees also with the experimental results. The experiments were carried out in the passage of parallel plates having flat front edges, and the influences of velocity and the breadth of passage on the length of the starting range and heat transfer were made clear. As the result, it is found that the heat transfer in this case is considerably close to that of the case of a single plate, especially in the range of turbulent boundary layer

Heat Transfer on the Surface of a Flat Plate in the Forced Flow

It is an important problem in the field of the heat exchange to make clear the surface heat transfer. Many studies have been performed regarding this problem. However, because heat transfer is influenced by numerous factors, there are many things remaining unknown. This research was carried out to make clear the effects of some of these factors on heat transfer on the surface of a flat plate in the forced flow. Especially, we wish to know the effects of the surface roughness systematically. As the first step, we experimented with the smooth flat plate which was heated or cooled while measurement was carried on. And by comparing the results with theoretical analyses, we found that our experimental method was reliable. As the next step, we experimented with the roughened plate and made clear the effects of surface roughness. The results of this experiment are : in a range of larger numbers than a certain Reynolds' number, there is formed a special turblent boundary layer which is influenced by the surface roughness, and in this range, the local heat transfer coefficient is independent of the po3ition, and its value becomes the largest when the ratio of the height to pitch of the surface roughness is 0.055

DDBJ working on evaluation and classification of bacterial genes in INSDC

DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) () newly collected and released 12 927 184 entries or 13 787 688 598 bases in the period from July 2005 to June 2006. The released data contain honeybee expressed sequence tags (ESTs), re-examined and re-annotated complete genome data of Escherichia coli K-12 W3110, medaka WGS and human MGA. We also systematically evaluated and classified the genes in the complete bacterial genomes submitted to the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC, ) that is composed of DDBJ, EMBL Bank and GenBank. The examination and classification selected 557 000 genes as reliable ones among all the bacterial genes predicted by us

On the Relation between Total and Partial Pressure of Gas Mixture

It may be inadequate, in general, to apply Dalton's law to an imperfect gas mixture. In this paper, the total pressure of an imperfect gas mixture is considered from the view point of statistical mechanics. Namely, by expressing the equation of state in the virial expansion form, the total pressure of a gas mixture was determined analytically by using the second and the third virial coefficients calculated from the values for each component gas. For one example, the second and third virial coefficients of air were calculated by two methods and compared with each other as well as with other values which were determined directly from experimental data with air. From the numerical calculations for air and also for water-mercury vapour mixture, it has been made clear that there is some difference between the total pressure calculated by our methods and the value calculated from Dalton's law, and this difference increases with the degree of imperfectness of the gas mixture

Direct Evidence for the Dirac-Cone Topological Surface States in Ternary Chalcogenide TlBiSe2

We have performed high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on TlBiSe2, which is a member of the ternary chalcogenides theoretically proposed as candidates for a new class of three-dimensional topological insulators. By measuring the energy band dispersions over the entire surface Brillouin zone, we found a direct evidence for a non-trivial surface metallic state showing a X-shaped energy dispersion within the bulk band gap. The present result unambiguously establishes that TlBiSe2 is a strong topological insulator with a single Dirac cone at the Brillouin-zone center. The observed bulk band gap of 0.4 eV is the largest among known topological insulators, making TlBiSe2 the most promising material for studying room-temperature topological phenomena.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

A novel bioinformatics tool for phylogenetic classification of genomic sequence fragments derived from mixed genomes of uncultured environmental microbes

A Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is an effective tool for clustering and visualizing high-dimensional complex data on a two-dimensional map. We modified the conventional SOM to genome informatics, making the learning process and resulting map independent of the order of data input, and developed a novel bioinformatics tool for phylogenetic classification of sequence fragments obtained from pooled genome samples of microorganisms in environmental samples allowing visualization of microbial diversity and the relative abundance of microorganisms on a map. First we constructed SOMs of tri- and tetranucleotide frequencies from a total of 3.3-Gb of sequences derived using 113 prokaryotic and 13 eukaryotic genomes, for which complete genome sequences are available. SOMs classified the 330000 10-kb sequences from these genomes mainly according to species without information on the species. Importantly, classification was possible without orthologous sequence sets and thus was useful for studies of novel sequences from poorly characterized species such as those living only under extreme conditions and which have attracted wide scientific and industrial attention. Using the SOM method, sequences that were derived from a single genome but cloned independently in a metagenome library could be reassociated in silico. The usefulness of SOMs in metagenome studies was also discussed

G-InforBIO: integrated system for microbial genomics

BACKGROUND: Genome databases contain diverse kinds of information, including gene annotations and nucleotide and amino acid sequences. It is not easy to integrate such information for genomic study. There are few tools for integrated analyses of genomic data, therefore, we developed software that enables users to handle, manipulate, and analyze genome data with a variety of sequence analysis programs. RESULTS: The G-InforBIO system is a novel tool for genome data management and sequence analysis. The system can import genome data encoded as eXtensible Markup Language documents as formatted text documents, including annotations and sequences, from DNA Data Bank of Japan and GenBank encoded as flat files. The genome database is constructed automatically after importing, and the database can be exported as documents formatted with eXtensible Markup Language or tab-deliminated text. Users can retrieve data from the database by keyword searches, edit annotation data of genes, and process data with G-InforBIO. In addition, information in the G-InforBIO database can be analyzed seamlessly with nine different software programs, including programs for clustering and homology analyses. CONCLUSION: The G-InforBIO system simplifies genome analyses by integrating several available software programs to allow efficient handling and manipulation of genome data. G-InforBIO is freely available from the download site