TableGPT: Towards Unifying Tables, Nature Language and Commands into One GPT

Tables are prevalent in real-world databases, requiring significant time and effort for humans to analyze and manipulate. The advancements in large language models (LLMs) have made it possible to interact with tables using natural language input, bringing this capability closer to reality. In this paper, we present TableGPT, a unified fine-tuned framework that enables LLMs to understand and operate on tables using external functional commands. It introduces the capability to seamlessly interact with tables, enabling a wide range of functionalities such as question answering, data manipulation (e.g., insert, delete, query, and modify operations), data visualization, analysis report generation, and automated prediction. TableGPT aims to provide convenience and accessibility to users by empowering them to effortlessly leverage tabular data. At the core of TableGPT lies the novel concept of global tabular representations, which empowers LLMs to gain a comprehensive understanding of the entire table beyond meta-information. By jointly training LLMs on both table and text modalities, TableGPT achieves a deep understanding of tabular data and the ability to perform complex operations on tables through chain-of-command instructions. Importantly, TableGPT offers the advantage of being a self-contained system rather than relying on external API interfaces. Moreover, it supports efficient data process flow, query rejection (when appropriate) and private deployment, enabling faster domain data fine-tuning and ensuring data privacy, which enhances the framework's adaptability to specific use cases.Comment: Technical Repor

The Ion Source of Nitrogen Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry as a Highly Efficient Reactor: Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

Abstract An innovative strategy for sustainably active oxygen capture using nitrogen (N2) instead of helium (He) as direct analysis in real-time (DART) gas is demonstrated in this work. DART MS was carried out to analyze different polarity compounds including organophosphorus pesticides, amino acids, hormones, and poly brominated diphenyl ethers by using He and N2 as DART gas, respectively. The unexpectedly characteristic ionization reactions, including replacement reaction where the sulfur atom of P=S group, were replaced by oxygen atom, oxidation ([M + nO + H]+ or [M + nO-H]− (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)), and hydrogen loss (loss of two hydrogens) rapidly occurred in situ in the presence of N2 under ambient conditions without any additives. The reaction mechanisms were proposed and further confirmed by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Our study under high temperature and high voltage provides a powerful tool for generating unique ionic species that may be difficult to form by other means, which also creates favorable conditions for the future study of the mechanism of DART MS. Graphical Abstrac

Magnetic silica nanoparticles for use in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry of labile biomolecules such as oligosaccharides, amino acids, peptides and nucleosides

Magnetic silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) were prepared and applied for the first time as a matrix in MALDI MS for analysis of small thermally labile biomolecules including oligosaccharides, amino acids, peptides, nucleosides, and ginsenosides. The matrix was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. It displays good performance in analyses of such biomolecules in the positive ion mode. In addition, the method generates significantly less energetic ions compared to the use of carbon nanotubes or graphene-assisted LDI MS and thus produces intact molecular ions with little or no fragmentation. In addition, the MSNPs have better surface homogeneity and better salt tolerance and cause lower noise. It is assumed that the soft ionization observed when using MSNPs as a matrix is due to the specific surface area and the homogenous surface without large clusters. The matrices were applied to the unambiguous identification and relative quantitation of the water extract of Panax ginseng roots. Any false-positive results as obtained when using graphene and carbon nanotubes as a matrix were not observed

Densification of SiCp/Al–Fe–V–Si Composites by the Wedge Rolling Method

The densification of a SiCp/Al–Fe–V–Si billet was achieved by reducing the pores and oxide film between the particles by rolling. The wedge pressing method was used to improve the formability of the composite after jet deposition. The key parameters, mechanisms, and laws of wedge compaction were studied. The results showed that the pass rate was reduced by 10 to 15 percent when using steel molds during the wedge pressing process if the distance between the two ends of the billet was about 10 mm, which was beneficial to improve the compactness and formability of the billet. The density and stress of the surface of the material were higher than those of the interior, where the distribution of density and stress tended to be uniform as the overall volume of the material shrank. During the wedge extrusion process, the material in the preforming area was thinned along the thickness direction, while the material in the main deformation area was lengthened along the length direction. Under plane strain conditions, the wedge formation of spray-deposited composites follows the plastic deformation mechanism of porous metals. The true relative density of the sheet was higher than the calculated value during the initial stamping phase, but was lower than the calculated value when the true strain exceeded 0.55. This was due to the accumulation and fragmentation of SiC particles, which made the pores difficult to remove

Identification of Anthocyanin Composition and Functional Analysis of an Anthocyanin Activator in Solanum nigrum Fruits

Solanum nigrum fruits have been conventionally used in beverages due to their nutritional substances such as minerals, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, sugars, polyphenols, and anthocyanins. The characterization of components and regulatory mechanism of anthocyanins in S. nigrum fruits have rarely been reported. In this study, we determined that the peel and flesh of S. nigrum fruits shared similar HPLC profiles but different contents and total antioxidant activities for anthocyanins. After an efficient purification method, mainly including extraction with pH 1.0 distilled water and then desorption with pH 1.0 95% ethanol after a DM-130 resin adsorption step to obtain more pure anthocyanin extracts, the purity of anthocyanins extracted from S. nigrum fruits reached 56.1%. Moreover, eight anthocyanins from S. nigrum fruit were identified with HPLC-MS/MS for the first time. A typical R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene, SnMYB, was also cloned for the first time by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR from S. nigrum. Moreover, the contents of anthocyanins were shown to correlate well (r = 0.93) with the expression levels of SnMYB gene during the fruit’s developmental stages. Most significantly, SnMYB gene successfully produced high anthocyanin content (1.03 mg/g) when SnMYB gene was transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. Taken together, S. nigrum fruits are a promising resource for anthocyanin extraction, and SnMYB gene is an activator that positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in S. nigrum

Effects of Phospholipase D Inhibitors Treatment on Membrane Lipid Metabolism of Postharvest Banana Fruit in Response to Mechanical Wounding Stress

Banana fruit is a widely cultivated and economically important crop, and it is susceptible to mechanical damage. The effects of three different phospholipase D inhibitors (0.1% n-butanol, 0.05% 2-butanol, and 0.1% hexanal) on the cell membrane integrity and membrane lipid metabolism in wounding banana fruits during storage were investigated. The results indicated that wounded banana treated with phospholipase D inhibitors showed significant (p < 0.05) delay in the ripening and senescence process than the control group after a 9-day storage. Of the three PLD inhibitors, hexanal showed the best effect in maintaining firmness, suppressing the increase of total soluble solids (TSS) and respiration rate, and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and cell membrane permeability of wounded banana fruits. Furthermore, hexanal more efficiently decreased the phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities, lowered the contents of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG), and inhibited the reduction of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) after 6 days of storage, compared to n-butanol or 2-butanol. These results demonstrate that application of hexanal treatment may be a reliable method to delay the senescence of harvested bananas subjected to mechanical wounding