Radial discharge high shear homogenization and ultrasonication assisted pH-shift processing of herring co-products with antioxidant-rich materials for maximum protein yield and functionality

Cross-processing herring co-products with antioxidant-rich helpers including lingonberry-press-cake, shrimp-shells and seaweed was reported to mitigate lipid oxidation but reduce protein yield. Here, four strategies were used to counteract such yield-reduction; optimizing solubilization/precipitation pH, increasing raw-material-to-water-ratio, replacing single-stage-toothed- by radial-discharge- high-shear-mechanical-homogenization (RD-HSMH) and ultrasonication (US). The effects of RD-HSMH and US on lipid oxidation, protein structural and functional properties were studied. Combining four strategies improved total protein yield by 5–12 %, depending on helper type. More than the confirmed antioxidant effects, cross-processing also improved protein water solubility and emulsification activity but reduced gelation properties. RD-HSMH generally improved protein emulsifying and gelation properties but reduced protein water solubility. US reduced protein water solubility and gelation properties. Altogether, it was recommended for all helpers to increase solubilization pH to 12 and raw-material-to-water-ratio to 1:6 followed by RD-HSMH at 8000 rpm for 90 s, aiming for maximum protein yield and emulsifying and gelation properties

Waveform and Receiver Filter Selection for Wideband Radar Applications

This thesis concerns the design of transmitter-receiver chains for widebandradar systems. The transmitter side employs one, or several, highly flexiblesignal generators, which are able to generate signals with a large bandwidth.At the receiver side, when we are are able to select receiver filters, we havethe freedom to optimize also the receiver filters.Herein, the transmit waveforms and receiver filters are designed to fulfiluser-defined criteria. In general, a high probability of target detection, whilemaintaining a low false alarm rate, is desired. For a scenario in which interferenceis present, this means to achieve a high Signal-to-Interference-and-NoiseRatio.When advanced transmitter-receiver technology is implemented, the possibilityto adapt the system through a feedback loop arises. Informationabout the the radar operating environment is provided by signal processingtechniques. We propose a Kalman filter to follow a time-evolving cluttermap,based on the complex received signal samples. The estimates of thecomplex clutter reflections are utilized to determine parameters of the clutterdistribution.The system should, in addition, experience a robust target detection property.This is important when targets are not confined on a user-specified gridof time-delays and time-scalings. We derive an algorithm where the mainlobewidth of the correlation function is adapted according to a desired resolution.The thesis also deals with hardware restrictions. A study on how to synthesizetime domain signals from achieved power spectra is performed. Wesynthesize signals with given spectral properties that experience a low peakto-average-power ratio. A signal with constant envelope is also achievable byallowing the power spectrum to deviate somewhat from its desired shape

Robust Transceiver Design and Waveform Synthesis for Wideband MIMO Radar

This thesis deals with the problem of designing and synthesizing waveforms that are optimal, both in a signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio (SNIR), and in a system hardware design perspective, i.e., to synthesize time domain waveforms with a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), or even constant modulus.In the first part of the thesis, we investigate the possibility to suppress interference for wideband multiple-input multiple-output radar, by exploiting the spectral properties of the transmit signals. The idea is to use tunable filters at the transmitter and receiver sides, and to derive the optimal power spectral density that enhances the system performance in terms of the SNIR, for a given scenario. Herein, the focus is to suppress active jamminginterference, and especially deceptive jamming. The proposed method is extended to invoke imperfections in the given scenario. Two robust optimization methods are evaluated: one that utilizes a Taylor series expansionof the SNIR, and one that exploits a worst-case SNIR maximization. In the second part of the thesis, we utilize the results obtained in the first part to synthesize time domain signals that achieve certain hardware restrictions. By using the technique of partial transmit sequence, we synthesize signals that achieve optimal spectral properties and that experience a low PAPR. Finally, we show that if we allow the power spectrum to deviatesomewhat from its desired shape, a further reduction of the PAPR, or even a constant modulus signal is possible. The proposed method can be used to design a time domain signal with any predefined power spectrum, if there is no design restriction except for the PAPR on the time domainsignal waveform

Waveform and Receiver Filter Selection for Wideband Radar Applications

This thesis concerns the design of transmitter-receiver chains for widebandradar systems. The transmitter side employs one, or several, highly flexiblesignal generators, which are able to generate signals with a large bandwidth.At the receiver side, when we are are able to select receiver filters, we havethe freedom to optimize also the receiver filters.Herein, the transmit waveforms and receiver filters are designed to fulfiluser-defined criteria. In general, a high probability of target detection, whilemaintaining a low false alarm rate, is desired. For a scenario in which interferenceis present, this means to achieve a high Signal-to-Interference-and-NoiseRatio.When advanced transmitter-receiver technology is implemented, the possibilityto adapt the system through a feedback loop arises. Informationabout the the radar operating environment is provided by signal processingtechniques. We propose a Kalman filter to follow a time-evolving cluttermap,based on the complex received signal samples. The estimates of thecomplex clutter reflections are utilized to determine parameters of the clutterdistribution.The system should, in addition, experience a robust target detection property.This is important when targets are not confined on a user-specified gridof time-delays and time-scalings. We derive an algorithm where the mainlobewidth of the correlation function is adapted according to a desired resolution.The thesis also deals with hardware restrictions. A study on how to synthesizetime domain signals from achieved power spectra is performed. Wesynthesize signals with given spectral properties that experience a low peakto-average-power ratio. A signal with constant envelope is also achievable byallowing the power spectrum to deviate somewhat from its desired shape

Frequency division orthogonal waveforms for narrowband MIMO arrays

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output arrays with closely spaced antennas typically utilize orthogonal waveforms to create a larger virtual aperture. Orthogonality between waveforms can be achieved using time, Doppler, coding, or frequency division. In this work we examine the method of generating frequency diverse waveforms. In general, the frequency division approach generates waveforms that have reduced bandwidth which results in reduced range resolution. To overcome this loss of range resolution more spectrum must be utilized which might not be compatible with narrowband arrays. Herein, we present an approach for generating a notched waveform set that preserves range resolution, is effectively orthogonal, and could be utilized by narrowband arrays

Proenkephalin A gene products activate a new family of sensory neuron\u2013specific GPCRs

Several peptide fragments are produced by proteolytic cleavage of the opioid peptide precursor proenkephalin A, and among these are a number of enkephalin fragments, in particular bovine adrenal medulla peptide 22 (BAM22). These peptide products have been implicated in diverse biological functions, including analgesia. We have cloned a newly identified family of \u2018orphan\u2019 G protein\u2013 coupled receptors (GPCRs) and demonstrate that BAM22 and a number of its fragments bind to and activate these receptors with nanomolar affinities. This family of GPCRs is uniquely localized in the human and rat small sensory neuron, and we called this family the sensory neuron\u2013specific G protein\u2013coupled receptors (SNSRs). Receptors of the SNSR family are distinct from the traditional opioid receptors in their insensitivity to the classical opioid antagonist naloxone and poor activation by opioid ligands. The unique localization of SNSRs and their activation by proenkephalin A peptide fragments indicate a possible function for SNSRs in sensory neuron regulation and in the modulation of nociception.NRC publication: Ye

Proenkephalin A gene products activate a new family of sensory neuron\u2013specific GPCRs

Several peptide fragments are produced by proteolytic cleavage of the opioid peptide precursor proenkephalin A, and among these are a number of enkephalin fragments, in particular bovine adrenal medulla peptide 22 (BAM22). These peptide products have been implicated in diverse biological functions, including analgesia. We have cloned a newly identified family of \u2018orphan\u2019 G protein\u2013 coupled receptors (GPCRs) and demonstrate that BAM22 and a number of its fragments bind to and activate these receptors with nanomolar affinities. This family of GPCRs is uniquely localized in the human and rat small sensory neuron, and we called this family the sensory neuron\u2013specific G protein\u2013coupled receptors (SNSRs). Receptors of the SNSR family are distinct from the traditional opioid receptors in their insensitivity to the classical opioid antagonist naloxone and poor activation by opioid ligands. The unique localization of SNSRs and their activation by proenkephalin A peptide fragments indicate a possible function for SNSRs in sensory neuron regulation and in the modulation of nociception.NRC publication: Ye

To ventilate or not to ventilate during bystander CPR : a EuReCa TWO analysis

Background: Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is still low. For every minute without resuscitation the likelihood of survival decreases. One critical step is initiation of immediate, high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aim of this subgroup analysis of data collected for the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest Study number 2 (EuReCa TWO) was to investigate the association between OHCA survival and two types of bystander CPR namely: chest compression only CPR (CConly) and CPR with chest compressions and ventilations (FullCPR). Method: In this subgroup analysis of EuReCa TWO, all patients who received bystander CPR were included. Outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation and survival to 30-days or hospital discharge. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis with survival as the dependent variable was performed. Results: A total of 5884 patients were included in the analysis, varying between countries from 21 to 1444. Survival was 320 (8%) in the CConly group and 174 (13%) in the FullCPR group. After adjustment for age, sex, location, rhythm, cause, time to scene, witnessed collapse and country, patients who received FullCPR had a significantly higher survival rate when compared to those who received CConly (adjusted odds ration 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.17–1.83). Conclusion: In this analysis, FullCPR was associated with higher survival compared to CConly. Guidelines should continue to emphasise the importance of compressions and ventilations during resuscitation for patients who suffer OHCA and CPR courses should continue to teach both