Optically Controlled 30 GHz High Power Active RF Phase Switch for the CTF3 RF Pulse Compressor

To achieve the high peak power level of 150 MW, necessary to demonstrate the full performance of the new CLIC accelerating structure, a 70 ns RF pulse compressor with resonant delay lines has been built and installed in the CTF3 test area. An active high power RF phase switch would make the operation of the whole 30 GHz power production complex more reliable and robust, with the potential to increase the compression efficiency. By itself, such a device can be used for many other applications. In this paper we propose a possible solution based on an over-moded RF circuit with active element made from a semiconductor controlled by a laser beam

International Climate Diplomacy in Search for a Solution to Global Problem

Рукопись поступила в редакцию 27 декабря 2016 г.В статье рассматривается эволюция климатической дипломатии в период 1992–2016 гг. Показаны особенности переговорного процесса на климатических конференциях (конференциях сторон), сложности формирования общей климатической политики. Характеризуются основные этапы развития механизмов международной защиты климата. Анализируются главные документы международной климатической дипломатии — Киотский протокол и Парижское соглашение. Подчеркивается роль крупных государств, группировок в формировании повестки дня конференций. Изучаются целевые, стратегические программы развития США, Германии, ЕС в рамках климатической парадигмы до 2050 г. Исследуется развитие климатического политического дискурса в России и его отражение в постановлениях правительства. Показана взаимосвязь между структурой экономики России и ее климатической дипломатией. Рассматриваются пути достижения климатических целей в России и в мире.The article traces the evolution of climate diplomacy in the period between 1992 and 2016. The negotiations on climate conferences (Conference of Parties), the complexity of creating common climate policy are described. Main stages of development of the international climate protection mechanisms are characterized. Major documents of international climate diplomacy such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement are analyzed. The role of large states and factions in shaping the agenda of conferences is highlighted. The target and strategic development programs of the USA, Germany, and the EU in the framework of the climate paradigm — 2050 are considered. The development of political discourse on climate in Russia and its expression in government regulations are depicted. The interrelation between the structure of Russian economy and its climate diplomacy is demonstrated. The ways of achieving climate goals in Russia and in the world are examined

Progress in controlling ICRF-edge interactions in ASDEX upgrade

RF measurements during variation of the strap voltage balance of the original 2-strap ICRF antenna in ASDEX Upgrade at constant power are consistent with electromagnetic calculations by HFSS and TOPICA, more so for the latter. RF image current compensation is observed at the antenna limiters in the experiment at a local strap voltage of about half of the value of the remote strap, albeit with a non-negligible uncertainty in phasing. The RF-specific tungsten (W) source at the broad-limiter 2-strap antenna correlates strongly with the RF voltage at the local strap at the locations not connected to opposite side of the antenna along magnetic field lines. The trends of the observed increase of the RF loading with injection of local gas are well described by a combined EMC3-Eirene - FELICE calculations, with the most efficient improvement confirmed for the outer-midplane valves, but underestimated by about 1/3. The corresponding deuterium density tailoring is also likely responsible for the decrease of local W sources observed in the experimen

Testing efficiency of the ruble-sterling foreign-exchange market under the gold standard

Russian gold standard exchange rates, Efficient market hypothesis, Double-truncation, Markov chain sampling,