Decision-Feedback Detection Strategy for Nonlinear Frequency-Division Multiplexing

By exploiting a causality property of the nonlinear Fourier transform, a novel decision-feedback detection strategy for nonlinear frequency-division multiplexing (NFDM) systems is introduced. The performance of the proposed strategy is investigated both by simulations and by theoretical bounds and approximations, showing that it achieves a considerable performance improvement compared to previously adopted techniques in terms of Q-factor. The obtained improvement demonstrates that, by tailoring the detection strategy to the peculiar properties of the nonlinear Fourier transform, it is possible to boost the performance of NFDM systems and overcome current limitations imposed by the use of more conventional detection techniques suitable for the linear regime

Numerical Methods for the Inverse Nonlinear Fourier Transform

We introduce a new numerical method for the computation of the inverse nonlinear Fourier transform and compare its computational complexity and accuracy to those of other methods available in the literature. For a given accuracy, the proposed method requires the lowest number of operationsComment: To be presented at the Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications (TIWDC) 201

A Novel Detection Strategy for Nonlinear Frequency-Division Multiplexing

A novel decision feedback detection strategy exploiting a causality property of the nonlinear Fourier transform is introduced. The novel strategy achieves a considerable performance improvement compared to previously adopted strategies in terms of Q-factor.Comment: The work has been submitted to the Optical Fiber Communication (OFC) Conference 201

Why Noise and Dispersion may Seriously Hamper Nonlinear Frequency-Division Multiplexing

The performance of optical fiber systems based on nonlinear frequency-division multiplexing (NFDM) or on more conventional transmission techniques is compared through numerical simulations. Some critical issues affecting NFDM systems-namely, the strict requirements needed to avoid burst interaction due to signal dispersion and the unfavorable dependence of performance on burst length-are investigated, highlighting their potentially disruptive effect in terms of spectral efficiency. Two digital processing techniques are finally proposed to halve the guard time between NFDM symbol bursts and reduce the size of the processing window at the receiver, increasing spectral efficiency and reducing computational complexity.Comment: The manuscript has been submitted to Photonics Technology Letters for publicatio

Influence of augmented humans in online interactions during voting events

The advent of the digital era provided a fertile ground for the development of virtual societies, complex systems influencing real-world dynamics. Understanding online human behavior and its relevance beyond the digital boundaries is still an open challenge. Here we show that online social interactions during a massive voting event can be used to build an accurate map of real-world political parties and electoral ranks. We provide evidence that information flow and collective attention are often driven by a special class of highly influential users, that we name "augmented humans", who exploit thousands of automated agents, also known as bots, for enhancing their online influence. We show that augmented humans generate deep information cascades, to the same extent of news media and other broadcasters, while they uniformly infiltrate across the full range of identified groups. Digital augmentation represents the cyber-physical counterpart of the human desire to acquire power within social systems.Comment: 11 page

The entropic cost to tie a knot

We estimate by Monte Carlo simulations the configurational entropy of $N$-steps polygons in the cubic lattice with fixed knot type. By collecting a rich statistics of configurations with very large values of $N$ we are able to analyse the asymptotic behaviour of the partition function of the problem for different knot types. Our results confirm that, in the large $N$ limit, each prime knot is localized in a small region of the polygon, regardless of the possible presence of other knots. Each prime knot component may slide along the unknotted region contributing to the overall configurational entropy with a term proportional to $\ln N$. Furthermore, we discover that the mere existence of a knot requires a well defined entropic cost that scales exponentially with its minimal length. In the case of polygons with composite knots it turns out that the partition function can be simply factorized in terms that depend only on prime components with an additional combinatorial factor that takes into account the statistical property that by interchanging two identical prime knot components in the polygon the corresponding set of overall configuration remains unaltered. Finally, the above results allow to conjecture a sequence of inequalities for the connective constants of polygons whose topology varies within a given family of composite knot types

Zipping and collapse of diblock copolymers

Using exact enumeration methods and Monte Carlo simulations we study the phase diagram relative to the conformational transitions of a two dimensional diblock copolymer. The polymer is made of two homogeneous strands of monomers of different species which are joined to each other at one end. We find that depending on the values of the energy parameters in the model, there is either a first order collapse from a swollen to a compact phase of spiral type, or a continuous transition to an intermediate zipped phase followed by a first order collapse at lower temperatures. Critical exponents of the zipping transition are computed and their exact values are conjectured on the basis of a mapping onto percolation geometry, thanks to recent results on path-crossing probabilities.Comment: 12 pages, RevTeX and 14 PostScript figures include

Scaling symmetry, renormalization, and time series modeling

We present and discuss a stochastic model of financial assets dynamics based on the idea of an inverse renormalization group strategy. With this strategy we construct the multivariate distributions of elementary returns based on the scaling with time of the probability density of their aggregates. In its simplest version the model is the product of an endogenous auto-regressive component and a random rescaling factor designed to embody also exogenous influences. Mathematical properties like increments' stationarity and ergodicity can be proven. Thanks to the relatively low number of parameters, model calibration can be conveniently based on a method of moments, as exemplified in the case of historical data of the S&P500 index. The calibrated model accounts very well for many stylized facts, like volatility clustering, power law decay of the volatility autocorrelation function, and multiscaling with time of the aggregated return distribution. In agreement with empirical evidence in finance, the dynamics is not invariant under time reversal and, with suitable generalizations, skewness of the return distribution and leverage effects can be included. The analytical tractability of the model opens interesting perspectives for applications, for instance in terms of obtaining closed formulas for derivative pricing. Further important features are: The possibility of making contact, in certain limits, with auto-regressive models widely used in finance; The possibility of partially resolving the long-memory and short-memory components of the volatility, with consistent results when applied to historical series.Comment: Main text (17 pages, 13 figures) plus Supplementary Material (16 pages, 5 figures

A simple model of DNA denaturation and mutually avoiding walks statistics

Recently Garel, Monthus and Orland (Europhys. Lett. v 55, 132 (2001)) considered a model of DNA denaturation in which excluded volume effects within each strand are neglected, while mutual avoidance is included. Using an approximate scheme they found a first order denaturation. We show that a first order transition for this model follows from exact results for the statistics of two mutually avoiding random walks, whose reunion exponent is c > 2, both in two and three dimensions. Analytical estimates of c due to the interactions with other denaturated loops, as well as numerical calculations, indicate that the transition is even sharper than in models where excluded volume effects are fully incorporated. The probability distribution of distances between homologous base pairs decays as a power law at the transition.Comment: 7 Pages, RevTeX, 8 Figure