European Social Model vs Directive Bolkestein

In this article is elaborated the actually question which is developed and discussed it the European Union is the European Social Model (ESM). It is a vision of society that combines sustainable economic growth with ever-improving living and working conditions. This implies full employment, good quality jobs, equal opportunities, social protection for all, social inclusion, and involving citizens in the decisions that affect them. As the Euro-zone is struggling to move away from a dramatic slump in its economy, and while the Lisbon Strategy and its potential for economic growth, strongly needs reactivation, the debates over the Europe have raised again the issue of a sustain-able social agenda for the European Union. Recently, Europes political leaders defined the ESM, specifying that it is based on good economic performance, a high level of social protection and education and social dialogue. An important topic of the discussion nowadays is the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on ser-vices in the internal market so called Bolkestein directive. The importance of this article is to give us the answer to the following question: would we have French goods available in French supermarkets all over Poland and no Polish services allowed in France? The EU would be unthinkable without the full implementation of the four freedoms. This is a good directive, going in the good direction.European union, Social policy, Labor, Services, Enlargement

Agriculture of Central and Eastern European countries in the European Union

Agriculture posed considerable tensions for the processes of enlargement of the European Union, because of its continuing importance both in the economies of the applicant countries of Central and Eastern European countries which have joined EU on the 1st may 2004., and in the EU budget and acquis communautaire. The preparation of agriculture in the candidate countries to join the EU was rendered more complex by the fact that the Communitys Common Agricultural Policy was a moving target. The aim of this paper is to show the bases elements of the Common Agricultural Policy, but also to provide a survey of recent developments relating to agriculture in the EU and new member states of the EU before their accession to EU and their preparation to access on the enlarged market, in order to indicate the main challenges and difficulties posed by enlargement. It seems likely that agricultural policy in the enlarged EU will attach increased priority to objectives such as rural development and the environment. However, these new priorities may be expensive to realise, and may impose a growing burden on the national budgets of EU member states.Agriculture, European Union, Central and Eastern Europe countries, Transition, Enlargement.

The Future of the European Economy

After the collapse of Communism in 1990, the European Union (EU) has immediately sustained in the process of democratization in the ex‐communists countries, and has provided necessary technical and financial assistance in order to place a market economy. The enlargement was (and always is) the most significant and the most ambitious European project since the signature of the Treaty of Rome1: it reconciles one of the economic projects of the united Europe with geo‐strategic vision of the European continent, which will allow the important position of the EU in the World. The 1st May 2004 the EU has passed to the twenty‐five member countries2, with accession of ten New Member States (NMS). The process of enlargement has continued on January the 1st, 2007 by accessing to the EU of Bulgaria and Romania. The “Single Market”, Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the process of integration are the major points of the Europe of twenty‐seven member countries. The process of preparation of accession to the EU, has announced the preparation in the Central and East European Countries (CEEC) from the 1989, and it marked some difficulties for the CEEC – on the level of political integration but also economic and social. The present article show us, also, the importance of the introduction of the euro – which present the very important phase in the evolution of the EU, and the biggest monetary changement in the history of Europe…We consider euro as the concretization of the EU. It represents the success of the “Single Market” and contributes to the economic stability of the EU. Also, it is important to know that the euros play his important role to the politic and economic fields. The New Member States (NMS) are engaged to enter to the EMU in his future3. For the success of their entrance to the EMU, the NMS have to align their economies with these of the old member states of the EU. This economic alignment, so called “convergence”, constitutes the supplementary phase on their aim toward European integration. The latest enlargements represent the most important moments in the history of the European continent. Today, the question is also the integration of the Balkan countries to the EU and their future toward European integration

Does Politics Matter in the Conduct of Fiscal Policy? Political Determinants of the Fiscal Sustainability: Evidence from Seven Individual Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC)

This paper aims at assessing the fiscal sustainability and its political determinants in seven Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC), namely Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. First, using the recent sustainability approach of Bohn (1998) based on fiscal reaction function, econometric findings using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) reveal a positive response of the primary surplus to changes in debt in several countries. In other words, fiscal policy is sustainable in Baltic countries, Slovenia and Slovakia, but not in Poland and in the Czech Republic. Second, by introducing political dummy variables, we test the electoral budget cycle and the partisan cycle theories. We find the presence of electoral and partisan cycle in Poland but not in the rest of our countries.Fiscal reaction function, Public debt sustainability, Political budget cycles, Time series

European social model vs directive Bolkestein

In this article is elaborated the actually question which is developed and discussed it the European Union is the European Social Model (ESM). It is a vision of society that combines sustainable economic growth with ever-improving living and working conditions. This implies full employment good quality jobs, equal opportunities, social protection for all, social inclusion, and involving citizens in the decisions that affect them. As the Euro-zone is struggling to move away from a dramatic slump in its economy and while the Lisbon Strategy and its potential for economic growth, strongly needs reactivation, the debates over the Europe have raised again the issue of a sustainable social agenda for the European Union. Recently, Europe's political leaders defined the ESM, specifying that it "is based on good economic performance, a high level of social protection and education and social dialogue". An important topic of the discussion nowadays is the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on services in the internal market so called "Bolkestein directive". The importance of this article is to give us the answer to the following question: would we have French goods available in French supermarkets all over Poland and no Polish services allowed in France? The EU would be unthinkable without the full implementation of the four freedoms. This is a good directive, going in the good direction

Domaća regulativa i njena usaglašenost sa direktivama EU u vezi sa zaštitom životne sredine

Srbija je na putu priključenja Evropskoj uniji uskladila ili je na putu da uskladi svoje zakonodavstvo na način da ono bude u potpunosti kompatibilno sa onim u zemljama članicama. Preostala zakonska regulativa koju je potrebno usaglasiti pokriva velikih broj oblasti, ali je posebno simptomatično da će gotovo svaki treći zakon koji je potrebno usvojiti imati direktne ili indirektne veze sa ekologijom. Ova činjenica ukazuje na dve važne stvari. Prvo, regulativa EU po pitanju ekologije i zaštite životne okoline je veoma obimna i kompleksna. Drugo, Srbija na putu usklađivanja regulative u ovoj oblasti značajno zaostaje u odnosu na zemlje članice ali i na ostale zemlje kandidate za članstvo. Takođe, činjenice u pogledu zagađenosti, emisije štetnih gasova i ekoloških standarda potvrđuju da je potrebno veoma hitno učiniti sve kako bi se postojeći i budući propisi bolje primenjivali i kako se ne bi dalje ugrožavala životna sredina. Smanjenje zaostajanja za susedima po ovim aspektima biće najbolji dokaz da li se u sprovođenju ovih namera uspelo

Exchange Policy and Economic Growth: Effect of the Real Effective Exchange Rate Misalignment on the Growth of Tunisia

The collapse of the system of Bretton Woods pushed Tunisia adopted various policies of exchange to avoid imbalances of the balance of payments. Since, this country aimed to maintain or to improve its external competitiveness in order to balance its current account through the promotion of exports, this contribute to start again the economic growth. By specifying an equation of economic growth of Tunisia, it’s showed that the real effective exchange rate misalignment, indicator of external competitiveness, has negative effect on the economic growth. The fall of real effective exchange rate misalignment, these last years, then explained partly the stabilization of the growth rate of this country can especially since 2001 when the Tunisia softened its policy of exchange rate. A flexible policy of exchange is then desirable to start again the economic growth

The attractiveness of the Western Balkans for the FDI

As the EU expands, the focus is on the Western Balkans region1, which is rich with opportunity and potential. It is experiencing significant improvements in terms of reforms, economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI). Developing economies such as those in the Western Balkans are particularly dynamic, which can mean rapidly changing costs and conditions for investors. The region has made strong progress, outpacing Central Europe in economic growth with an average gross domestic product (GDP) increase, these latest years. For the next several years, the markedly strong economic development is expected to continue in Western Balkans. Inflation has largely been kept under control, and is expected to decline further in the near future. The Western Balkans are improving risk profile and economic outlook are also validated by the international credit ratings. As unemployment (in almost all Western Balkans countries) is still high, sustainable economic growth (Redzepagic and Llorca 2007) and job creation are the major challenges the region faces. It is important to mention, for example, that the FDI into the region was 3.4 billion of euros in 2005, but also the cumulative FDI inflow in the region was near 15 billion of euros for the five‐year period of 2001‐2005 (Redžepagić and Richet 2008). As the countries of the region rarely invested abroad, net FDI inflows also played a key role in financing foreign trade imbalances that stem from ongoing structural reforms and significant investment demand in the transition to free markets

Balkan Countries: Catching Up and their Integration in the European Financial System

This paper aims to illustrate the impact of financial variables on the process of convergence between selected European Union countries and the Balkan countries. Following a delay in the realization of structural changes resulting from the historical legacy and circumstances in which the transition process took place, Balkan countries began essential reforms in their financial systems at the end of 1990s. This included the adoption of concrete measures directed towards the growth and increase of the financial sector efficiency. Given this we use panel data over the period 1999-2007 for a sample of 21 countries, to test the convergences hypothesis by the Bayesian iterative estimation method. Here two financial variables are introduced to control the differences in steady-state. Our empirical results sustain the importance of the domestic credit and the market capitalization in the catching-up process by a significant increase in the speed of convergence.Balkan countries, European Union, Financial systems, Convergence, Empirical analysis, Finance-growth model estimations

Barijere ulaska na tržište Srbije

U okviru ovog rada analizirane su barijere ulaska na tržište Srbije, konkretnije – administrativne i stvarne barijere. Procedure prilikom osnivanja firme, izgradnje objekata i registrovanja vlasništva, zatim zaštita investitora i garancija ugovora, kao i visina poreza, faktori su koji mogu biti prepreka ulasku na određeno tržište i budući da njih „postavlja“ država, nazivamo ih administrativnim barijerama. Takođe, stanovništvo u ulozi kupaca i ljudskog kapitala može biti stvarna barijera ulaska. Autori smatraju da su stvarne barijere takve da ne obeshrabruju potencijalne takmace od ulaska na tržište Srbije, dok administrativne barijere predstavljaju prepreku ulaska