59 research outputs found
Strategy to Face Climatic Change-Related Problems in Cuban Cattle Raising Systems
A strategy to overcome climatic change negative effects and improve efficiency and sustainability in Cuban live- stock ecosystems is suggested. The strategy technologies and activities are translated into economic benefits for a better and more efficient utilization of internal or local resources. Besides, social advantages are promoted by an increase in first-need agricultural goods production and, hence, imports of these goods and labor force emigration to cities can be decreased. Producers must be trained in a rural farming culture to be competent in applying and adjusting technologies to their own conditions
Integración de cultivos de ciclo corto durante el establecimiento de áreas de Leucaena leucocephala cv. Perú para contribuir a la sostenibilidad en fincas ganaderas (Artículo de revisión)
The role played by intercalated cultures when added to forest-pasture systems using Leucaena leuco- cephala is dealt with. Their impact upon sustainability of livestock production systems is taken into ac- count. A number of these cultures are illustrated, such as Phaseolus vulgaris, Sesamum indicum, Sorghum vulgare, and Vigna sinensis, with special emphasis on the use of the last three ones.Se plantea el papel que desempeñan los cultivos intercalados cuando se integran al establecimiento de sistemas silvopastoriles con Leucaena leucocephala, tomando en cuenta, de manera especial, el impacto que puede lograrse sobre la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de producción ganadera. Se refieren, como ejemplos, los casos de Phaseolus vulgaris, Sesamun indicum, Sorghum vulgare y Vigna sinensis, con par- ticular destaque en el empleo de estos tres últimos
Estrategia de enfrentamiento a problemas asociados al cambio climático en ecosistemas ganaderos cubanos
A strategy to overcome climatic change negative effects and improve efficiency and sustainability in Cuban live- stock ecosystems is suggested. The strategy technologies and activities are translated into economic benefits for a better and more efficient utilization of internal or local resources. Besides, social advantages are promoted by an increase in first-need agricultural goods production and, hence, imports of these goods and labor force emigration to cities can be decreased. Producers must be trained in a rural farming culture to be competent in applying and adjusting technologies to their own conditions.Se propone una estrategia para enfrentar los efectos del cambio climático y elevar la eficiencia y sostenibilidad en los ecosistemas ganaderos cubanos. Las tecnologías y actividades señaladas en esta estrategia representan beneficios económicos por el mayor y eficiente uso de los recursos internos o locales. También trae consigo ventajas sociales por el aumento de productos de primera necesidad, con la consecuente disminución de importaciones y del éxodo a las ciudades. Es indispensable capacitar al productor para que adquiera cultura rural de trabajo, que le permitirá aplicar y ajustar las tecnologías a sus condiciones concretas
Bioproductive and Financial Efficiency of Private Dairy Farms
A five-year study (2008-2012) was made to determine the bioproductive and financial behavior derived from struc-tures and resources available on ten private rustic farms, in the province of Ciego de Avila, Cuba. Pasture and forage yields were estimated in order to evaluate contribution and efficiency. Decomposition of seasonal time series was made to determine the annual behavior of births using a multiplicative model. Variance analysis for farm comparison was based on efficiency of dairy production indicators and financial indicators (SPSS, 15.0. 2006). Overall, insufficient availability and quality of pastures and forages was evident, with negative annual forage balances. The farms were characterized by birth seasonality, particularly Farm No. 7 (April-May). However, the general birth rates were very low, as a result of inadequate reproduction management. The best productive and financial results were observed on farm No. 7 (1 061 kg/milk/ha/year, and $ 0.87 CUP/kg of milk produced, respectively)
Comportamiento estacional de indicadores bioeconómicos.
Se determinó la influencia de la distribución anual de los nacimientos sobre indicadores bioeconómicos de la producción lechera en la UBPC La Pazdel municipio Jimagüayú, Camagüey, Cuba. Se recolectaron los datos mensuales de producción de seis vaquerías, desde 2009 hasta 2013 y se procesaron mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para K muestras independientes. Se utilizó el procedimiento descomposición estacional de series de tiempo para las va-riables: hembras inseminadas, gestantes, vacías, intervalo parto-parto y nacimientos, mediante un modelo multiplicativo. La insuficiente disponibilidad y calidad de la oferta de alimentos voluminosos, determinaron balances forrajeros negativos en ambas épocas del año. Se determinaron patrones estacionales: en las vacas vacías con incrementos (ju-nio y julio); gestantes (enero); los nacimientos con mayores picos (marzo hasta julio) y menores (octubre hasta febrero).Bioeconomic Indicators Seasonal Performance.ABSTRACTBirth annual distribution influence on milk-production bioeconomic indicators was determined at La Paz Basic Unit for Cooperative Production (UBPC) from Jimaguayú municipality, Camagüey province, Cuba. 2009-2013 pro-duction data were monthly collected and processed by the Kruskal-Wallis test for K independent samples. A seasonal time-trend detached procedure was applied using a multiplicative model to the following variables: inseminated hei-fers, pregnant cows, non-pregnant cows, calving interval, and births. Lack of bulk-feeding availability and quality provoked negative forage balances in both seasons. A number of seasonal patterns were detected, i.e., a non-pregnant-cow increase (June and July), a pregnant-cow increase (January), higher birth peaks (from March to July), and lower birth peaks (from October to February)
Eficiencia bioproductiva y financiera en fincas lecheras del sector privado
Con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento bioproductivo y financiero a partir de la estructura y recursos disponibles en fincas privadas, de la provincia de Ciego de Ávila, se realizó un estudio en el período de cinco años (2008-2012) en 10 fincas rústicas. Se estimaron rendimientos de pastos y forrajes y balance forrajero para evaluar su aporte y eficiencia de su utilización. Se realizó el procedimiento de descomposición estacional de series de tiempo para determinar el comportamiento anual de los nacimientos, mediante un modelo multiplicativo. Se efectuó un análisis de varianza para comparar las fincas respecto a indicadores de eficiencia de la producción de leche y financieros (SPSS versión 15.0. 2006). En sentido general, se manifestó una insuficiente disponibilidad y calidad de los pastos y los forrajes, con valores negativos en los balances forrajeros anuales; las fincas manifestaron estacionalidad en los nacimientos, donde la finca 7 mostró estacionalidad en los meses de abril-mayo. No obstante, los índices de natalidad, en general, reportaron valores muy bajos como resultado del manejo inadecuado de la reproducción. Los resultados productivos y financieros determinaron un mejor comportamiento en la eficiencia global del sistema para la finca 7, con 1 061 kg leche/ha/año y 0,87 CUP/kg leche producida, respectivamente.ABSTRACT A five-year study (2008-2012) was made to determine the bioproductive and financial behavior derived from the structures and resources available on ten private rustic farms, in the province of Ciego de Avila, Cuba. The pasture and forage yields were estimated for evaluation of their contribution and efficiency. Decomposition of seasonal time series was performed to determine the annual behavior of births, through a multiplicative model. Variance analysis for farm comparison was based on efficiency of dairy production, and financial indicators (SPSS, 15.0. 2006). Overall, the availability and quality of pastures and forages was insufficient, with negative annual forage balances. The farms evidenced birth seasonability, particularly farm No. 7 (April-May). However, the general birth rates were very low, as a result of inadequate reproduction management. The best productive and financial results were observed on farm No. 7 (1 061 kg/milk/ha/year, and $ 0.87 CUP/kg of milk produced, respectively)
Best Time to Increase Bovine Calving Based on Dairy Indicators of Commercial Herds in Camagüey
The best time to increase calving based on dairy production indicators was determined. Records from 2 036 Holstein x Zebu cows were evaluated monthly. This research took place between 2008 and 2014, within a five-year pe-riod as minimum, in the three kinds of dairy facilities (Basic Unit of Cooperative Production, Basic State Farm, and a farm). The variables used were births, total milk production, average milk liter/cow/day, and milking cows, which were decomposed according to season using a multiplication model. Seasonal behavior was observed in all the variables without a defined general pattern present in the total dairy production, and milk liter per cow/day (peaks from June to October), which coincided with the beginning of the pasture production peaks. Total milk production and milk liter average per cow/day are elements that can help set up the best moment to increase calving
Análisis del efecto bioeconómico de la inclusión de cultivos de ciclo corto como integración al sistema de producción lechera
Bioeconomic possibilities by integrating short-cycle cultures (Vigna sinensis, Sorghum vulgare, and Sesamum indicum) into a Leucaena leucocephala area were evaluated in a livestock production system established on an experimental farm from the Study Center for Animal Production Development affiliated to Camagüey University, Cuba. A simulation of a dairy farm comprising a 100 ha grazing ground and 1,2 cattle heads/ha was performed. In this area, 30 ha were sown with Leucaena leucocephala vs. Peru. Treatments assessed were Vigna sinensis + Leucaena leucocephala, Sorghum vulgare + Leucaena leucocephala, Sesamum indicum + Leucaena leucocephala, and Leucaena leucocephala (control treatment). Forage balances including yields of pasture, Leucaena leucocephala, and grains from the intercalated cultures were performed. Potential energy and protein supply was determined. Utility net changes per treatment were estimated through a partial budget analysis. Social and environmental benefits due to the treatments application were also estimated. It was proved that these grains supplementation to cattle directly affected by Leucaena leucocephala as an only feeding source was profitable in satisfying dry matter needs in 48,2 %, 40,1 %, and 32,0 % for Vigna sinensis, Sorghum vulgare, and Sesamum indicum, respectively. Besides, protein (0,74 t/ha, 0,55 t/ha, and 1,21 t/ha) and metabolical energy (6 646,6 Mcal/ha, 6 138,4 Mcal/ha, and 7 580,2 Mcal/ha) supply reached significant values for the three treatments in order already mentioned. Utility net changes reported economic advanteges for the three assessed culture variantes, i.e., 6 088,26 for Sorghum vulgare, and 7 087,80, sorgo: 11 194,88. Estos cultivos aportan beneficios ambientales y sociales
Uso estratégico de la base forrajera en la producción estacional de leche bovina en la zona centro-oriental de Cuba.
Background: The central-eastern region of Cuba has been the scene of several studies to find solutions to the availability deficit and the inadequate management of the forage base, as they are determining factors in the productive results and the sustainability of the systems. Objective. Consider changes in the forage base management strategies based on a milk production model in the central-eastern region of Cuba.Development: Some important arguments based on previous studies about the advantages of the change in the perspective of management of grazing areas are summarized, so that their higher biomass production is used more efficiently, making this behavior coincide with the peaks of milk production, particularly in the months of April-August. Different scenarios and forms of production were taken into account, where they all agree that they work on the basis of minimal resources and their greatest perspective is to improve the exploitation and rational use of their natural and local resources.Conclusions: Taking into account such real possibilities of the livestock systems in the central-eastern territory of Cuba, it may be that, when implementing a seasonal strategy, the bio-economic efficiency of milk production is increased, with limited dependence on inputs. external.
Keywords: season, pasture, animal production, efficiency (Source: AIMS)Antecedentes: La región centro-oriental de Cuba ha sido escenario de diversos estudios para encontrar soluciones al déficit de disponibilidad y el manejo inadecuado de la base forrajera, por ser factores determinantes en los resultados productivos y la sostenibilidad de los sistemas. Objetivo. Considerar cambios en las estrategias de manejo de la base forrajera a partir de un modelo de producción lechera en la región centro-oriental de Cuba.
Desarrollo: Se resumen algunos argumentos importantes basados en estudios previos acerca de las ventajas que reporta el cambio en la perspectiva de manejo de las áreas de pastoreo, de manera que su mayor producción de biomasa se utilice más eficientemente, haciendo coincidir este comportamiento con los picos de producción de leche, particularmente en los meses de abril-agosto. Se tuvieron en cuenta diferentes escenarios y formas de producción, donde todos ellos coinciden en que funcionan sobre la base de mínimos recursos y su mayor perspectiva es la de mejorar el aprovechamiento y uso racional de sus recursos naturales y locales.
Conclusiones: Teniendo en cuenta tales posibilidades reales de los sistemas ganaderos en el territorio centro-oriental de Cuba, puede resultar que, al lograr implementar una estrategia estacional, se incremente la eficiencia bio-económica de la producción de leche, con limitada dependencia de insumos externos.
Palabras claves: época, pasto, producción animal, eficiencia (Fuente: AIMS
Influencia de la distribución de parición anual y el aprovechamiento del pasto en los resultados alcanzados en vaquerías de la cuenca de Jimagüayú, Camagüey. I. Indicadores productivos y reproductivos
The impact of annual calving distribution upon productive and reproductive indicators on commercial dairy farms was determined in twenty-two dairy production centers during four years (April 2001-March 2005). Calving distribution into four groups was assessed every three-month intervals by calving percentages. Botanical composition and available pasture and forage utilization were estimated. Besides, seasonal annual forage balance and average forage availability per dairy cow and cattle unit were determined for each group. Performance of some indicators associated with herd composition, weaning, reproduction, and mortality, as well as milk production performance were analyzed. Although forage balance was negative as a whole, a better forage availability was detected from April to June with a forage production potentially suitable for consumption of 3,79 tons of dry matter. This three-month interval also showed a higher calving percent for Group 4, as well as an increase in birth rate up to 62,3 % and a decrease in intercalving period (586 days) and calf mortality rate (1,9%), which were significantly different from the other three groups (p<0,05). The best results registered for milk production corresponded to Group 4 either, showing differences of 25 399 kg, 18 613 kg, and 12 391 kg concerning groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.Con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de la distribución anual de parición en los indicadores productivos y reproductivos en vaquerías comerciales, se estudiaron 22 unidades productoras de leche (UPL) durante cuatro años (abril de 2001 a marzo de 2005). Se analizó la distribución de pariciones según trimestres del año y por ciento de pariciones (cuatro grupos). Se estimaron la composición botánica y rendimientos de los pastos y forrajes disponibles, así como el balance forrajero anual por época en función de los grupos, la disponibilidad por vaca y por unidad de ganado mayor (UGM) promedio en cada grupo. Se estudió el comportamiento de algunos indicadores relativos a la estructura del rebaño, lactancia, reproducción y mortalidad, así como el comportamiento de la producción de leche entre los grupos. Aun cuando los balances forrajeros fueron negativos, se alcanzó mejor disponibilidad forrajera cuando el mayor por ciento de parición ocurrió en abril-junio (G-4), donde el forraje producido potencialmente utilizable (FPPU/vaca/año) fue de 3,79 t MS. Para este grupo se determinó incremento de la natalidad hasta el 62,3 %, con reducción del IPP (586 días) y la mortalidad de terneros (1,9 %), diferentes significativamente al resto de los grupos (P ≤ 0,05). Los mejores resultados en la producción de leche fueron a favor del G-4, con diferencias de 25 399 kg, 18 613 kg y 12 391 kg en relación a los grupos 1, 2 y 3, respectivamente
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