B6: Devonian Granite Melt Transfer in Western Maine: Relations Between Deformation, Metamorphism, Melting and Pluton Emplacement at the Migmatite Front

Guidebook for field trips in Western Maine and Northern New Hampshire: New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, p. 217-246

Measured Impact Of Advanced Windows On Cooling Energy Use

A significant portion of Florida\u27s residential building stock consists of single-family homes with clear, single-pane, aluminum frame windows. Such windows can lead to considerable heat gain during the hot Florida summer. A side-by-side field test in two identical homes was conducted to evaluate the impact of high performance windows on space cooling demand under realistic conditions

Evaluation Of Energy Efficient Improvements To Portable Classrooms In Florida

Florida has over 25,000 portable classrooms in use around the state. Energy costs for these structures exceed $20 million a year - or about 11% of all energy-related expenditures for educational facilities. Research has also shown interior ventilation rates in these classrooms typically fall far below the recommended levels in ASHRAE Standard 62-1989. To explore ways in which costs might be reduced and the physical learning environment improved, we conducted a two year experiment in two highly instrumented portable classrooms at Silver Sands Middle School in Volusia County. A series of retrofits, aimed to cut energy use and improve ventilation and illumination quality, were staged into the portables over time

Geographical interdependence, international trade and economic dynamics: the Chinese and German solar energy industries

The trajectories of the German and Chinese photovoltaic industries differ significantly yet are strongly interdependent. Germany has seen a rapid growth in market demand and a strong increase in production, especially in the less developed eastern half of the country. Chinese growth has been export driven. These contrasting trajectories reflect the roles of market creation, investment and credit and the drivers of innovation and competitiveness. Consequent differences in competiveness have generated major trade disputes

Models for the Comet Dynamical Environment

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76292/1/AIAA-28299-134.pd

Verified lifting of stencil computations

This paper demonstrates a novel combination of program synthesis and verification to lift stencil computations from low-level Fortran code to a high-level summary expressed using a predicate language. The technique is sound and mostly automated, and leverages counter-example guided inductive synthesis (CEGIS) to find provably correct translations. Lifting existing code to a high-performance description language has a number of benefits, including maintainability and performance portability. For example, our experiments show that the lifted summaries can enable domain specific compilers to do a better job of parallelization as compared to an off-the-shelf compiler working on the original code, and can even support fully automatic migration to hardware accelerators such as GPUs. We have implemented verified lifting in a system called STNG and have evaluated it using microbenchmarks, mini-apps, and real-world applications. We demonstrate the benefits of verified lifting by first automatically summarizing Fortran source code into a high-level predicate language, and subsequently translating the lifted summaries into Halide, with the translated code achieving median performance speedups of 4.1X and up to 24X for non-trivial stencils as compared to the original implementation.United States. Department of Energy. Office of Science (Award DE-SC0008923)United States. Department of Energy. Office of Science (Award DE-SC0005288

Performance and durability of broadband antireflection coatings for thin film CdTe solar cells

Light reflection from the glass surface of a photovoltaic (PV) module is a significant source of energy loss for all types of PV devices. The reflection at the glass and air interface accounts for 4% of the total energy. Single layer antireflection coatings with sufficiently low refractive index have been used, such as those using magnesium fluoride or porous silica, but these are only effective over a narrow range of wavelengths. In this paper, the authors report on the design, deposition, and testing of multilayer broadband antireflection coatings. These coatings reduce the weighted average reflection over the wavelength range used by thin film CdTe devices to just 1.22%, resulting in a 3.6% relative increase in device efficiency. The authors have used multilayer stacks consisting of silica and zirconia layers deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering. Details of the stack design, sputter deposition process parameters, and the optical and microstructural properties of the layers are provided. Antireflection coatings on glass exposed to the outdoors must not degrade over the lifetime of the module. A comprehensive set of accelerated environmental durability tests has been carried out in accordance with IEC 61646 PV qualification tests. The durability tests confirmed no damage to the coatings or performance drop as a result of thermal cycling or damp heat. All attempts to perform pull tests resulted in either adhesive or substrate failure, with no damage to the coating itself. The coatings also passed acid attack tests. Scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, and adhesion tests have also been conducted. The optical performance of the coatings was monitored during these tests, and the coatings were visually inspected for any sign of mechanical failure. These tests provide confidence that broadband antireflection coatings are highly durable and will maintain their performance over the lifetime of the solar module. All dielectric metal-oxide multilayer coatings have better optical performance and superior durability compared with alternative single layer porous sol–gel coatings. Thin film CdTe devices are particularly problematic because the antireflection coating is applied to one side of the glass, while device layers are deposited directly on to the opposite glass surface in the superstrate configuration. In thin film CdTe production, the glass is exposed to high temperature processes during the absorber deposition and the cadmium chloride activation treatment. If glass precoated with a broadband antireflection coating is to be used, then the coating must withstand temperatures of up to 550 C. Surprisingly, our studies have shown that multilayer silica/zirconia antireflection coatings on soda lime glass remain unaffected by temperatures reaching 600 C, at which point mild crazing is observed. This is an important observation, demonstrating that low cost glass, which is preprocessed with a broadband antireflection coating, is directly useable in thin film CdTe module production