Behavior and diet of the Critically Endangered Eulemur cinereiceps in Manombo forest, southeast Madagascar

Manombo Special Reserve is a parcel of rainforest along the southeastern coast of Madagascar, containing eight lemur species, including the White-collared brown lemur (Eulemur cinereiceps [Eulemur albocollaris]). Following a drastic cyclone in the region in January of 1997, the population of E. cinereiceps at Manombo was reduced by half. Results indicate that individuals of this critically endangered species at Manombo consume a total of 54 plant species belonging to 24 families, with over two-thirds of the diet comprised of ripe and unripe fruits. White-collared brown lemurs also opportunistically feed on novel food items and invasive plants in their recovering habitat. We report the first record of E. cinereiceps consuming a shelf fungus species growing on invasive trees. During feeding, lemurs tore pieces of the fungus from the trees with their hands and mouth (chewing cycle duration mean 0.28 s; SD 0.01). White-collared brown lemurs also consumed spicy fruits of a non-native plant species (Aframomum angustifolium) growing in highly disturbed open areas. Feeding bouts typically began by stripping away the outer covering with the anterior dentition, with pulp and seeds then consumed (chewing cycle duration mean 0.22 s; SD 0.005). This is the first record of consumption of either of these resources for any lemur species at Manombo. Ability to feed on items like A. angustifolium may permit E. cinereiceps to avoid competition with other species in this highly degraded forest environment.RÉSUMÉ La Réserve Spéciale de Manombo est un fragment de forêt dense humide de basse altitude et située le long de la côte Sud-est de Madagascar. Cette partie de forêt abrite au total huit espèces de lémuriens, y compris le Lémur à collier blanc (Eulemur cinereiceps [Eulemur albocollaris]). Le passage dramatique du cyclone Gretelle dans la région en janvier 1997 a réduit de moitié la taille de la population d’E. cinereiceps dans sa zone de distribution. Les résultats des études effectuées sur les individus restants de cette espèce, qui est classée comme Gravement Menacée, permettent d’énumérer un total de 54 espèces de plantes appartenant à 24 familles qui sont consommées par l’espèce. D’autre part, deux tiers du régime alimentaire d’E. cinereiceps sont représentés par des fruits mûrs ou non. Le Lémur à collier blanc consomme occasionnellement une quantité assez importante de plantes envahissantes pour assurer ses besoins nutritifs, ce qui n’est pas habituel dans l’histoire naturelle de la vie des lémuriens. La présente étude constitue également la première observation de consommation d’une espèce inconnue de champignon par les représentants d’E. cinereiceps. Dans le présent cas, ledit champignon venait juste de pousser sur un pied mort de Cecropia peltata, une espèce allogène et envahissante de la région. Durant la prise de nourriture, l’animal a arraché des morceaux du champignon sur l’arbre mort avec la main et puis la bouche. La partie consommée a été mâchée par l’animal pendant une période de 0,28 s. Le Lémur à collier blanc consomme aussi des fruits épicés d’une espèce de plante allogène (Aframomum angustifolium) qui ne pousse que dans des zones ouvertes et extrêmement dégradées. La prise de nourriture sur cette espèce de plante commence par l’enlèvement de la partie dure du fruit, pour cela l’animal utilise ses dents antérieures très puissantes, puis il tire soigneusement en même temps avec ses dents et sa langue la partie charnue et les graines. Cette prise de nourriture s’effectue pendant une période d’environ 0,22 s. C’était la première fois dans l’histoire des lémuriens de Manombo que des observations ont été effectuées sur un animal en train de manger des espèces de plantes inhabituelles. L’aptitude de manger des espèces de plantes telle que A. angustifolium pourrait permettre à E. cinereiceps d’éviter la compétition avec les autres espèces de lémuriens vivant dans cet environnement dégradé

SWAMP:Smart Water Management Platform Overview and Security Challenges

The intensive use of technology in precision irrigation for agriculture is getting momentum in order to optimize the use of water, reduce the energy consumption and improve the quality of crops. Internet of Things (IoT) and other technologies are the natural choices for smart water management applications, and the SWAMP project is expected to prove the appropriateness of IoT in real settings with the deployment of on-site pilots. At the same time, the more intense the use of technology is, agriculture turns new security risks, which may affect both crop development and the commodities market. A security breach may irreversibly compromise a crop and data eavesdropping may compromise price and contracts exposing sensitive data such crop quality, development or management. This paper discusses security challenges and technologies for the application of IoT in agriculture and indicates that one of the most relevant challenges to be handled in SWAMP project is dealing with the multitude of behaviors from IoT application and what would be considered as normal and what would be considered as a threat

Tests of a Roman Pot Prototype for the TOTEM Experiment

3 pages, 8 figures, proceedings of PAC05, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, May 2005The TOTEM collaboration has developed and tested the first prototype of its Roman Pots to be operated in the LHC. TOTEM Roman Pots contain stacks of 10 silicon detectors with strips oriented in two orthogonal directions. To measure proton scattering angles of a few microradians, the detectors will approach the beam centre to a distance of 10 sigma + 0.5 mm (= 1.3 mm). Dead space near the detector edge is minimised by using two novel "edgeless" detector technologies. The silicon detectors are used both for precise track reconstruction and for triggering. The first full-sized prototypes of both detector technologies as well as their read-out electronics have been developed, built and operated. The tests took place first in a fixed-target muon beam at CERN's SPS, and then in the proton beam-line of the SPS accelerator ring. We present the test beam results demonstrating the successful functionality of the system despite slight technical shortcomings to be improved in the near future.Peer reviewe

Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of circulating omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids with lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes: population-based cohort study with 6-year follow-up

Peer reviewe

Spine Toolbox: A flexible open-source workflow management system with scenario and data management

The Spine Toolbox is open-source software for defining, managing, simulating and optimising energy system models. It gives the user the ability to collect, create, organise, and validate model input data, execute a model with selected data and finally archive and visualise results/output data. Spine Toolbox has been designed and developed to support the creation and execution of multivector energy integration models. It conveniently facilitates the linking of models with different scopes, or spatio-temporal resolutions, through the user interface. The models can be organised as a direct acyclic graph and efficiently executed through the embedded workflow management engine. The software helps users to import and manage data, define models and scenarios and orchestrate projects. It supports a self-contained and shareable entity-relationship data structure for storing model parameter values and the associated data. The software is developed using the latest Python environment and supports the execution of plugins. It is shipped in an installation package as a desktop application for different operating systems

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms