KONKURENCYJNOŚĆ I EFEKTYWNOŚĆ POLSKICH GOSPODARSTW SADOWNICZYCH W LATACH 2013-2015

Przedstawiono konkurencyjność i efektywność polskich gospodarstw sadowniczych, objętych systemem monitoringu Polskiego FADN w latach 2013-2015. Konkurencyjność badanych gospodarstw sadowniczych określono wskaźnikiem konkurencyjności, obliczonym jako stosunek dochodu z gospodarstwa rolnego do kosztów użycia własnych czynników produkcji: ziemi, pracy i kapitału (za W. Kleinhanssem). Około 32% gospodarstw przez generowane dochody było w stanie zrekompensować w pełni koszty alternatywne posiadanych własnych czynników produkcji

ZMIANY W STRUKTURZE PRODUKCJI A EFEKTYWNOŚĆ GOSPODARSTW ROLNYCH

In the paper analyzed the total of 1688 farms, monitored by the Polish Farm Accounting Data Network in the years 2005-2013. Analyzed 1,688 households, of which 301 have evolved from mixed production farms (in 2005-2007) holdings specializing in (2011-2013) in field crops, permanent crops and milk production. The remaining 1387 households in the period 2005-2013 has not given up from a diversified production structure. The analysis conducted indicated that the specialization of production in the analyzed farms resulted in an improvement in the level of revenue, labour productivity and profitability of production

Functioning of farms from areas of high natural values at the background of other farms

The paper aims at assessment of functioning of farms from gminas (municipalities) of high natural values at the background of farms from other gminas in Poland. The gminas for which the Natural and Tourism Value Index (NTVA), established by the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute, amounted to at least 35.6% out of 100% possible to be achieved were considered as gminas of high natural values. The comparative analysis took into account the production potential of farms, production organization, costs incurred, productivity of factors of production, farm income per 1 FWU, share of operating subsidies in farm income and the net investment rate. The analysis was carried out using the data of farms keeping accounting for the Polish FADN in 2015 and data of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute. It was recognized that farms from areas of high natural values and keeping accounting for the Polish FADN in 2015, for instance, provided payment for the owner’s and his family members’ labour costs at above the parity level and saw possibilities for further development for themselves

GOSPODARSTWA ROLNE Z OBSZARÓW O SZCZEGÓLNIE DUŻEJ WARTOŚCI PRZYRODNICZEJ (HNV) NA TLE GOSPODARSTW POZOSTAŁYCH

The study carried out a comparative analysis of areas (communes) with a varying level of saturation with high nature value utilised agricultural area (HNV UAA) and assessed the functioning of farms from these areas in Poland. Firstly, three groups of communes differing in terms of the share of HNV UAA in the total area were identified. The first group were communes with the share of HNV UAA in the total area amounting to less than 10% (1st group communes), the second – communes with the share of HNV UAA equal to or higher than 10% and lower than 40% (2nd group communes), and the third – communes with the share of HNV UAA of at least 40% (3rd group communes). In these communes, the assessment covered the average number of farms along with their average UAA, percentage (%) of communes with farms having the average UAA equal to or higher than the Polish average, as well as the change in % in the population and the share in % in the communes where the population decreased by at least 5% in 2004-2017 and their average agricultural production area valorisation index (APAV). Then, the assessment of functioning covered 2878 farms with crop, livestock and mixed (crop and livestock) production from those communes which have continuously kept accounts for the Polish FADN system in 2014-2016. This assessment took account of their production potential, production organisation, land and labour productivity and income per 1 FWU. The study used the data from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture (ARiMR), Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), data from farms keeping accounts for the Polish FADN in 2014-2016 as well as literature data.W opracowaniu dokonano analizy porównawczej obszarów (gmin) o różnym nasyceniu użytkami rolnymi High Nature Value (UR HNV) oraz oceny funkcjonowania gospodarstw rolnych z tych obszarów w Polsce. W pierwszej kolejności wydzielono trzy grupy gmin różniących się udziałem UR HNV w powierzchni ogółem. Pierwszą grupę stanowiły gminy o udziale UR HNV w powierzchni ogółem wynoszącym poniżej 10% (gminy I), drugą gminy o udziale UR HNV równym bądź większym od 10 i mniejszym od 40%, a trzecią gminy o udziale UR HNV co najmniej 40% (gminy III). W gminach tych ocenie poddano przeciętną liczbę gospodarstw rolnych wraz z ich przeciętną powierzchnią UR, udział procentowy (%) gmin z gospodarstwami rolnymi o przeciętnej powierzchni UR równej bądź większej od średniej dla Polski, a także zmianę % liczby ludności i udział % gmin o spadku liczby ludności o co najmniej 5% w latach 2004-2017 oraz ich przeciętny wskaźnik waloryzacji rolniczej przestrzeni produkcyjnej (WRPP). W następnej kolejności ocenie funkcjonowania poddano 2878 gospodarstw z produkcją roślinną, zwierzęcą i wielostronną (roślinno-zwierzęcą) z tych gmin, które prowadziły nieprzerwanie rachunkowość dla Polskiego FADN w latach 2014-2016. W ocenie tej wzięto pod uwagę ich potencjał produkcyjny, organizację produkcji, produktywność ziemi i pracy oraz dochód w przeliczeniu na 1 FWU. W opracowaniu wykorzystano dane Agencji Restrukturyzacji i Modernizacji Rolnictwa (ARiMR), Instytutu Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – PIB (IUNG-PIB), dane z gospodarstw rolnych prowadzących rachunkowość dla Polskiego FADN w latach 2014-2016, a także dane literaturowe

Renure-Processed Natural Fertilizers Selected Environmental, Production-Economic Issues

The aim of the paper is to present the essence of natural fertilizers in the form of RENURE, taking into account environmental and production-economic issues. For several decades, international programs and strategies for sustainable development have been implemented. The need to achieve various objectives in business activity is also underlined by the European Green Deal strategy, introduced at the end of 2019. An important element of it is the correct management of natural fertilizers, both for environmental and production and economic reasons. The case of the Netherlands was presented, where pilot studies on the conversion of manure into RENURE were introduced. The study used literature sources and selected, recent statistics from Eurostat resources (2019, 2020). Agriculture in the EU countries in the context of production and possibilities of using natural fertilizers is illustrated. The analysis of statistical data has shown that agriculture in the EU is highly diversified in terms of manure management. The case of the Netherlands, which has implemented the RENURE pilot program, results from the specificity of their agriculture – a small area of the country, a very high population and a high stocking density of livestock. Countries that face similar agricultural challenges as the Netherlands can seek similar solutions. In the case of Poland, which differs significantly in terms of the organisation of agriculture and its natural management conditions, the economic and environmental justification for the introduction of RENURE is not justified on a sector-wide scale

Renure-Processed Natural Fertilizers Selected Environmental, Production-Economic Issues

The aim of the paper is to present the essence of natural fertilizers in the form of RENURE, taking into account environmental and production-economic issues. For several decades, international programs and strategies for sustainable development have been implemented. The need to achieve various objectives in business activity is also underlined by the European Green Deal strategy, introduced at the end of 2019. An important element of it is the correct management of natural fertilizers, both for environmental and production and economic reasons. The case of the Netherlands was presented, where pilot studies on the conversion of manure into RENURE were introduced. The study used literature sources and selected, recent statistics from Eurostat resources (2019, 2020). Agriculture in the EU countries in the context of production and possibilities of using natural fertilizers is illustrated. The analysis of statistical data has shown that agriculture in the EU is highly diversified in terms of manure management. The case of the Netherlands, which has implemented the RENURE pilot program, results from the specificity of their agriculture – a small area of the country, a very high population and a high stocking density of livestock. Countries that face similar agricultural challenges as the Netherlands can seek similar solutions. In the case of Poland, which differs significantly in terms of the organisation of agriculture and its natural management conditions, the economic and environmental justification for the introduction of RENURE is not justified on a sector-wide scale

Farms from Areas of High Nature Value (HNV) Against The Background of Other Farms

The study shows a comparative analysis of areas (communes) with a varying level of saturation with high nature value utilised agricultural area (HNV UAA) and assessed the functioning of farms from these areas in Poland. Firstly, three groups of communes differing in terms of the share of HNV UAA in the total area were identified. The first group were communes with the share of HNV UAA in the total area amounting to less than 10% (1st group communes), the second – communes with the share of HNV UAA equal to or higher than 10% and lower than 40% (2nd group communes), and the third – communes with the share of HNV UAA of at least 40% (3rd group communes). In these communes, the assessment covered the average number of farms along with their average UAA, percentage (%) of communes with farms having the average UAA equal to or higher than the Polish average, as well as the change in % in the population and the share in % in the communes where the population decreased by at least 5% in 2004-2017 and their average agricultural production area valorisation index (APAV). Then, the assessment of functioning covered 2878 farms with crop, livestock and mixed (crop and livestock) production from those communes which have continuously kept accounts for the Polish FADN system in 2014- -2016. This assessment took account of their production potential, production organisation, land and labour productivity and income per 1 FWU. The study used the data from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture (ARiMR), the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), data from farms keeping accounts for the Polish FADN in 2014-2016 as well as literature data

THE IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE FROM AREAS WITH ESPECIALLY UNFAVORABLE NATURAL CONDITIONS IN POLAND IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL

The aim of the study is to characterize agriculture in areas (communes) with particularly unfavorable natural conditions for farming, as well as to assess the production potential, organization of production and economic situation of farms from such areas in Poland. The first part of the study describes the characteristics of agriculture in communes with particularly unfavorable natural conditions. For this purpose, data from the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Puławy, on the average value of the index of Valorization of Agricultural Production Area (VAPA) in communes in Poland, was used. Communes with particularly unfavorable natural conditions were those with an average VAPA index below 52 points out of 120 possible points. The organizational and economic assessment of farms according to production types was also carried out: field crops, grazing animals, and farms with mixed plant-animal production in communes with an average VAPA index lower than 52 points against a background of similar farms from other communes that have continuously kept accounting for Polish FADN in 2017-2019. It was found that communes with unfavorable natural conditions, compared to other communes, were distinguished by a smaller average utilized agricultural area (UAA) on farms, a smaller share of arable land and a greater permanent grassland in UAA, as well as e.g., a lower share of wheat and rape in total and higher total rye in the crop structure. They had, however, a greater share of land used ecologically in total UAA. They also had a higher density of livestock per 1 ha of UAA. In turn, farms from these areas – regardless of the analyzed production type, as compared to other farms, were characterized by a smaller UAA, incurred lower labor input per farm, and had a lower capital value. They also had significantly lower land and labor productivity as well as income per 1 FWU

THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL PROPERTY AGENCY (APA) BREEDING COMPANIES AS COMPARED TO AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES ESTABLISHED ON THE PROPERTY OF POST-STATE AGRICULTURAL FARMS BETWEEN 2001-2009

The aim of this paper is the economic and financial condition of the test group of Agricultural Property Agency companies. We used horizontal and vertical analysis of profit and loss accounts and in-depth indicator analysis. We focus on the period 2001-2009, in view of the fact that it was a specific period for APA companies, mainly due to the implementation of a broad restructuring, including through substantial investments. In the analysed eight-year period (which covers the time before and after Polish accession to the EU), APA plant and animal breeding companies were characterised by a positive ratio of profitability of business activity. In respect of APA companies, an analysis of the return on equity showed that in the whole discussed period, it was characterised by a positive level. The animal breeding companies had the highest return on equity (ROE) (average of 6.1%), subsequently, plant companies had a 3.6% average, while the so-called ‘horse’ companies (horse and stallion studs) had a 0.7% average