8 research outputs found
Kontaminiranost zemlje i pijeska parazitskim elementima opasnim za ljudsko zdravlje u javnim parkovima i djeÄjim igraliÅ”tima u Puli, Hrvatska
The objectives of the present study were to screen soil and sand samples collected from public parks and childrenās playgrounds in the city of Pula for the presence of infective stages of parasites and to determine the prevalence of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts and oocysts in two seasons. 90 samples of soil and sand were collected from a total of nine parks and surveyed on two occasions, in June and December. Throughout the study 4 genera of nematode eggs and 2 genera of protozoan cysts and oocysts were detected. The contamination
rate was different in the dry and rainy season. The most frequent finding was Toxocara sp. eggs and had the highest prevalence in both seasons. Of 90 samples 15.5% were positive for Toxocara spp. eggs in June and 23.3% in December. Our results show that Ascaris lumbricoides eggs from human faeces were detected in 4.4% samples in June and 15.5% in December. In June 45% of all parasite eggs were embryonated and in December the percentage rose to 75%. The increase in the number of positive findings in December was only found to be statistically significant (P<0.05) for A. lumbricoides eggs. There was no significant difference in the number of positive findings between soil and sand samples.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je utvrditi prisutnost parazitskih elemenata u uzorcima zemlje i pijeska iz parkova i djeÄjih igraliÅ”ta u Puli kao i stupanj kontaminiranosti uzoraka s helmintskim jajima i protozojskim cistama i oocistama. Izabrano je devet parkova s djeÄjim igraliÅ”tima i sakupljeno 90 uzoraka zemlje i pijeska, dvokratno, u mjesecu lipnju i prosincu. NaÄena su jaja 4 nematodska roda i ciste i oociste iz 2 protozojska roda. Stupanj kontaminacije u prosincu se poveÄao u odnosu na lipanj. Od 90 uzoraka 15,5% bilo je pozitivno na jaja roda Toxocara u lipnju, a postotak se u prosincu poveÄao na 23,3%. Jaja vrste A. lumbricoides, podrijetlom iz ljudskog fecesa naÄena su u 4,4% uzoraka u lipnju odnosno u 15,5% uzoraka u prosincu. U lipnju je 45% svih naÄenih parazitskih jaja bilo embrionirano dok je u prosincu postotak embrioniranih jaja bio 75%. StatistiÄki znaÄajan porast (P<0,05) broja pozitivnih nalaza u prosincu u odnosu na lipanj utvrÄen je samo za jaja vrste A. lumbricoides. Nije utvrÄena znaÄajna razlika u nalazima izmeÄu uzoraka zemlje i pijeska
Prvo izvjeÅ”Äe o nalazu velikog ameriÄkog metilja (Fascioloides magna, Bassi, 1875) u Hrvatskoj.
Cases of American liver fluke (Fascioloides magna) were detected in Croatia for the first time in January 2000. Initial suspicions with regard to the presence of Fascioloides magna in the red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) population were raised in Baranja, eastern Croatia, during the winter of 1999. Red deer liver samples from that area were examined and 22 adult parasites were recovered. The parasites, as well as mature eggs, were determined to be Fascioloides magna. The parasite was probably introduced into the Baranja region by natural deer migration from neighbouring Hungary.Tijekom sijeÄnja 2000. godine po prvi puta je ustanovljena prisutnost velikog ameriÄkog metilja (Fascioloides magna) u Hrvatskoj. Sumnja na njegovu prisutnost u populaciji jelena obiÄnog (Cervus elaphus L.) postavljena je tijekom zime 1999. godine u istoÄnom dijelu Hrvatske, odnosno Baranje. Dostavljeni i pregledani uzorak jetre jelena obiÄnog s tog podruÄja sadržavao je 22 odrasla parazita. Paraziti i zrela jajaÅ”ca determinirani su kao Fascioloides magna. Paraziti su vjerojatno uneseni na podruÄje Baranje prirodnom migracijom jelena iz susjedne MaÄarske
The Presence of the nematode Ancylostoma caninum in red foxes from Medvednica Nature Park
Lisica (Vulpes vulpes) nositelj je brojnih parazita meÄu kojima se nalazi i obliÄ Ancylostoma caninum. Ovaj parazit može u odgovarajuÄim okolnostima predstavljati i opasnost za zdravlje ljudi i domaÄih životinja. Iz takvih je razloga praÄenje parazitskog statusa lisica od iznimne važnosti, posebice onih koje se nalaze u neposrednoj blizini Äovjeka, poput prigradskih i gradskih lisica. Tu se ubrajaju i lisice u razliÄitim parkovima gdje je poveÄana aktivnost ljudi i kuÄnih ljubimaca te postoji i poveÄan rizik od meÄusobnog prijenosa razliÄitih uzroÄnika bolesti. U ovom istraživanju prikazani su rezultati makroskopske i dodatnih pretraga probavnog sustava 28 lisica s podruÄja Parka prirode Medvednica prikupljenih u okviru provedbe Programa zaÅ”tite divljaÄi. ObliÄ A. caninum utvrÄen je u 10 životinja, Å”to Äini 36 % ukupnog nalaza parazita. Usporedbom prema revirima zaÅ”tite prirode nisu utvrÄene statistiÄki znaÄajne razlike. Usporedbom prema spolovima takoÄer nema statistiÄki znaÄajne razlike (????2 = 2,273; p = 0,131; OR = 5,50; CI (95%) = 0,51-59,01). Istraživanje je pokazalo relativno visoku uÄestalost ovog obliÄa u lisica s podruÄja PP Medvednica.The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a potential host of numerous parasites, including the nematode Ancylostoma caninum. In certain conditions this nematode can pose a risk for the health of humans and domestic animals. This means that it is extremely important to monitor the health of wild red foxes, especially those living in suburban and urban areas, as well as in Nature and National Parks. In such areas the risk of mutual transmission of diseases between foxes, domestic animals and humans has increased. This is mainly due to increased human activity, visits by domestic animals with different parasitic status and the increased fox population. In this research, the results of macroscopic and additional analysis of the gastrointestinal system of 28 foxes are presented. Fox carcasses originated from Medvednica Nature Park and were collected within the Game Protection Program. The nematode A. caninum was found in 10 animals (36%). We did not find any statistically significant differences between different nature protection areas (????2 = 2.273; p = 0.131; OR = 5.50; CI (95%) = 0.51-59.01. We found a relatively high prevalence of this nematode in the Medvednica fox population
Parasitological analysis of Golden jackal faeces from the PeljeÅ”ac peninsula ā Preliminary results
Äagalj (Canis aureus L.) je divlji pripadnik porodice pasa te autohtona divljaÄ jugoistoÄne i srednje Europe, a u Hrvatskoj naseljava i mediteranski i kontinentalni dio, uz stalni porast brojnosti. U ovom istraživanju ispitivani su uzorci izmeta Äagljeva s odlagaliÅ”ta otpada na rubnom dijelu grada Trpnja na PeljeÅ”cu, gdje se Äagljevi uobiÄajeno hrane hranom antropogenog podrijetla. ParazitoloÅ”kim pretragama izmeta utvrdili smo invadiranost u 75% istraživanih uzoraka, pri Äemu je
u svim pozitivnim uzorcima utvrÄena prisutnost jajaÅ”aca obliÄa. U najveÄem broju sluÄajeva pronaÅ”li smo jajaÅ”ca strongilidnog tipa (60,71%), dok smo jajaÅ”ca obliÄa Toxocara canis i Trichuris vulpis ustvrdili u 14,29% i 10,71% uzoraka. JajaÅ”ca Capillaria aerophila i Strongyloides spp. smo ustvrdili u 3,57% uzoraka. U istom postotku smo ustvrdili i oociste Eimeria spp., koje su najvjerojatnije pasivno unesene u probavni sustav. Dobiveni rezultati, a posebice izostanak trakavica kao inaÄe redovitog nalaza u Äagljeva, upuÄuju na promjenu u prehrambenim navikama i hranjenje hranom antropogenog podrijetla, Å”to pogoduje invadiranosti parazitima s izravnim ciklusom razvoja. Za potvrÄivanje ove pretpostavke neophodno je proÅ”iriti istraživanje na druge dijelove poluotoka (naglasak na prirodnoj ishrani Äagljeva) i na druga godiÅ”nja doba.Golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) is a wild member of the family Canidae and an autochthonous game species of Southeast and Central Europe. In Croatia, it inhabits both Mediterranean and continental habitats, with constant population increases. This study analysed jackal faeces collected near the town of Trpanj (PeljeÅ”ac Peninsula), where feed of anthropogenic origin constitutes the majority of the jackal diet. Parasitological analysis revealed that 75% of analysed samples harboured at least one parasite species. Nematodes were detected in all positive samples. The strongylid type of eggs were most frequently detected (60.71%) while Toxocara canis and Trichuris vulpis eggs were detected in 14.29% and 10.71% of samples, respectively. Eggs of Capillaria aerophila and Strongyloides spp. were detected in 3.75% of samples. The same result was obtained for oocysts of Eimeria spp., which is likely the result of feeding on infected prey. These results, particularly the lack of cestodes as a typical member of the jackalsā parasite fauna, suggest a shift in diet with towards predominant feed of anthropogenic origin that favours parasites with a direct life cycle. To confirm this hypothesis, samples from jackals inhabiting other parts of the peninsula (emphasis on a natural diet) and during different times of year should be conducted
Nalaz jajaÅ”aca obliÄa Metastrongylus sp. u izmetu divljih svinja (Sus scrofa L.)
PluÄni vlasci domaÄih i divljih svinja jesu obliÄi iz porodice Metastrongylidae. S obzirom na to da pluÄni vlasci svinja imaju neizravan razvojni ciklus, invadiranost ovisi dobrim dijelom i o Äimbenicima okoliÅ”a. SliÄna istraživanja na drugim podruÄjima utvrdila su invadiranost divljih svinja u rasponu od 10 % (Korzika) do Äak 92 % (Francuska). U ovom je istraživanju pregledano 178 uzoraka izmeta divljih svinja s podruÄja Parka prirode Medvednica, uz prevalenciju od 41,6 %. UtvrÄeno je da invadiranost mužjaka opada s porastom dobi (rs = -0,599; p < 0,05), dok kod ženki to nije potvrÄeno. Prema t-testu u dobnom razredu mladih grla statistiÄki je znaÄajno viÅ”i udio pozitivnih krmaÄa nego veprova, dok je u razredu srednjodobnih suprotno. Gledano prema spolu neÅ”to je veÄa vjerojatnost invazije veprova (OR = 1,168; CI 95% 0,64-2,13). Prema dobi, veÄa je vjerojatnost da Äe mlada grla biti pozitivna u odnosu na srednjodobna (OR = 1,554; CI 95 % 0,44 ā 5,44), nazimad u odnosu na zrela grla (OR = 1,748; CI 95 % 0,589 ā 5,186) te mlada grla u odnosu na zrela (OR = 1,962; CI 95 % 0,768 ā 5,014). UÄinak invazije na prasad u prirodnom uzgoju nije dostatno razjaÅ”njen, dok u gaterima mogu uzrokovati bolest, pa i uginuÄa
Endoparaziti u divljih maÄaka u Hrvatskoj
Reports on the parasitic fauna of wildcats (Felis silvestris silvestris) are rare and often based on a small sample size, therefore the goal of this research was to investigate the prevalence of endoparasites in wildcats in Croatia. Necropsy was conducted on 34 adult wildcats killed in traffic or provided by hunters following regular hunting operations. All animals tested negative for rabies. The contents of the stomach and intestine were examined under a microscope. Feces from the rectum were analyzed using flotation with a saturated ZnSO4 solution, while the diaphragm was examined using artificial digestion. Direct immunofluorescence was used for the first time to detect Giardia sp. cysts in wildcats. All animals were infected with at least one species of parasites, while the most diverse infestation included six different species of parasites in a single animal. The following parasite species were found (% of prevalence of adult parasites and their developmental stages in all analyzed samples): Taenia taeniaeformis (55.9%), Capillaria sp. (50%), Toxocara cati (50%), Isospora sp. (29.4%), Strongyloides sp. (23.5%), Giardia sp. (17.6%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (14.7%), Physaloptera sp. (11.8%), Hymenolepididae (8.8%), Alaria alata (5.9%), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (5.9%), Toxascaris leonina (5.9%), Trichinella sp. (5.9%), Mesocestoides lineatus (5.9%), Anoplocephalidae (2.9%), Dipylidium caninum (2.9%), Trichuris sp. (2.9%), Isospora felis (2.9%), Eimeria sp. (2.9%) and Sarcocystis sp. (2.9%). Among those, Eimeria sp., Trichuris sp. eggs, anoplocephalid and hymenolepidid type eggs are spurious parasites, coming from ingested prey. Four of the identified species have never been previously reported in wildcats - Giardia sp., Strongyloides sp., Sarcocystis sp. and Dipylidium caninum.Znanstveni radovi o parazitima divljih maÄaka (Felis silvestris silvestris) rijetki su i najÄeÅ”Äe raÄeni na malom broju uzoraka te je stoga naÅ” cilj bio istražiti uÄestalost endoparazita divljih maÄaka u Hrvatskoj. Pregledali smo leÅ”ine 34 divlje maÄke, stradale u prometu ili u sklopu provedbe lovnogospodarskih osnova. Sve su životinje bile negativne na bjesnoÄu. Sadržaj želudca i crijeva pregledali smo pod mikroskopom. Izmet iz debelog crijeva pregledan je metodom flotacije pomoÄu zasiÄene otopine ZnSO4, dok je dijafragma pregledana pomoÄu umjetne probave. Upotrijebili smo izravnu imunofluorescenciju za utvrÄivanje cista Giardia sp., Å”to je prvo takvo istraživanje kod divljih maÄaka. Sve pregledane životinje bile su invadirane barem jednom vrstom parazita, dok je najraznolikija invazija ukljuÄivala Å”est razliÄitih vrsta parazita utvrÄenih kod jedne životinje. SljedeÄe su vrste parazita identificirane (% prevalencije odraslih parazita i razvojnih stadija u svim analiziranim uzorcima): Taenia taeniaeformis (55,9 %), Capillaria sp. (50 %), Toxocara cati (50 %), Isospora sp. (29,4 %), Strongyloides sp. (23,5 %), Giardia sp. (17,6 %), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (14,7 %), Physaloptera sp. (11,8 %), Hymenolepididae (8,8 %), Alaria alata (5,9 %), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (5,9 %), Toxascaris leonina (5,9 %), Trichinella sp. (5,9 %), Mesocestoides lineatus (5,9 %), Anoplocephalidae (2,9 %), Dipylidium caninum (2,9 %), Trichuris sp. (2,9 %), Isospora felis (2,9 %), Eimeria sp. (2,9 %) i Sarcocystis sp. (2,9 %). MeÄu njima, Eimeria sp., Trichuris sp., jaja anoplocefalida i himenolepidida su pseudoparaziti, koji potjeÄu od plijena. Äetiri roda koje smo identificirali do sada nisu nikada opisani kod divljih maÄaka - Giardia sp., Strongyloides sp., Sarcocystis sp. i Dipylidium caninum