Dysmenorrhea due to a rare müllerian anomaly

Müllerian duct anomalies may produce reproductive failure like abortion and preterm birth, or obstetric problems like malpresentation, retained placenta, etc., or they may be asymptomatic. Unicornuate uterus with a noncommunicating functional rudimentary horn is a type of müllerian anomaly that results in obstruction to menstrual blood flow, leading to endometriosis and dysmenorrhea. Though the majority of cases of dysmenorrhea in adolescents are primary in nature and require only reassurance and symptomatic management, it is important to be aware of rare causes such as müllerian anomalies so that these cases can be properly managed. Hence, we present this case report, with interesting illustrations, so as to increase awareness regarding these anomalies

The Critical period for weed control in spring maize in North-West India

Spring maize is becoming popular in Punjab state owing to its higher yield potential and is a new introduction. A field experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana with 12 treatments viz. crop kept weedy for 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 DAS, crop kept weed free for 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 DAS, weed free throughout and weedy check. The weed density showed a linear progression as the weedy interval was increased from 30 to 40 days, 40 to 50 days and 50 to 60 days. The results showed that yield attributes and grain yield declined with the increased duration of crop- weed interference period and increased with long weed free durations. Significant reduction in grain yield was recorded with increased weed infestation from 30 to 60 DAS, however, the differences observed between 20 and 30 days weedy were statistically at par. This suggested the tolerance of weed interference up to 30 days in spring maize. The 60 days weed free treatment resulted in grain yield statistically same with that of weed free throughout but significantly better from all other weed free duration treatments. This marked the end of critical period of crop-weed competition in spring maize. A significant negative linear correlation was observed for weed biomass and grain yield. The critical period of crop-weed competition in spring maize started at 30 DAS and ended at 60DAS. This period needs immediate attention for the adoption of weed control measure

Recognition without identification, erroneous familiarity, and déjà vu

Déjà vu is characterized by the recognition of a situation concurrent with the awareness that this recognition is inappropriate. Although forms of déjà vu resolve in favor of the inappropriate recognition and therefore have behavioral consequences, typical déjà vu experiences resolve in favor of the awareness that the sensation of recognition is inappropriate. The resultant lack of behavioral modification associated with typical déjà vu means that clinicians and experimenters rely heavily on self-report when observing the experience. In this review, we focus on recent déjà vu research. We consider issues facing neuropsychological, neuroscientific, and cognitive experimental frameworks attempting to explore and experimentally generate the experience. In doing this, we suggest the need for more experimentation and amore cautious interpretation of research findings, particularly as many techniques being used to explore déjà vu are in the early stages of development.PostprintPeer reviewe

Comparative study of hexane extract for volatile and non volatile components of leaves and rhizomes of Acorus calamus linn. using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)

The present communication attempts to evaluate the comparative study of leaves and rhizomes of Acorus calamus Linn. (Family; Araceae) using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Since the plant contains various volatile and non-volatile components so paper advocates the quantitative study using hexane extract. Acorus calamus Linn. is a well known medicinal plant in traditional medical systems  having various ethno-pharmacological uses. As the official source of the plant is roots and rhizomes, but here study had been done comparatively with leaves. Previously leaves of Acorus calamus were not regarded as useful part of plant, but recently there is growing interest in leaves of the said plant. The leaves are considered to possess various activities such as an insect repellent, when cut up and kept with grain storage; anti-hyperlipidemic; anti-diabetic; antipsychotic; anti-inflammatory and analgesic. As there is no detailed work reported in leaf constituents of the plant, therefore the study revealed specific quantitative HPTLC data for the plant for future standardization work. HPTLC analysis of both leaves and rhizomes showed the presence of Asarone, β- sitosterol, lupeol and Ursolic acid when matched with marker compounds

Association of inflammatory biomarkers with lung cancer in North Indian population

Background: Lung cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth of the lung tissues. It is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Objectives: The study aimed to determine the circulating CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in lung cancer and healthy control and also established association between these biomarkers with the smoking status as well as the stages of the disease.Methodology: 51 lung cancer patients and 51 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. The serum levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in lung cancer patients and healthy control groups.Results: The levels of serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in lung cancer patients when compared with controls(P<0.0001). The levels of these biomarkers were also significantly higher in stage iii/iv as compared to stage i/ii(P<0.001). Significant difference in the levels of these biomarkers were also found in smoker and non-smoker lung cancer patients as compared to controls(P<0.001).Conclusion: CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 are the promising biomarkers in the identification of lung cancer patients. The study also supports the association of inflammatory markers to lung cancer risk. Hence these findings suggest the levels of these biomarkerscould be a useful tool for guiding the diagnosis of lung cancer.Keywords: Lung cancer, biomarker, inflammation, stage, smoking