The Libraries in the Byzantine Empire (330-1453)

This paper has as objective presenting main types of libraries who existed during the Byzantine Empire. The five types of existent libraries – imperial, patriarchal, monastic, private and universitary, had a complex evolution during the history of Byzance. The beginning of those libraries is represented by the inauguration of the new imperial capital, by emperor Constantine the Great (306-337) in 330. The new imperial capital, Constantinople city, had several buildings which were inaugurated by Emperor Constantine including two librarie

Surgery of the colon; the impact of colostomy and postoperative complications on patients' quality of life

Introduction. This study aims to evaluate the impact of stoma formation on the quality of life of patients undergoing colonic surgery, considering both emergency and elective procedures. Several factors (demographic data, Charlson comorbidity score, type of surgical intervention, duration of hospitalization, postoperative outcomes and complications, etc.) were analyzed to understand their influence on patients' well-being. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent colorectal surgery that required stoma formation. A total of 270 patients were included in the study, with 69.25% undergoing emergency surgery and 30.74% undergoing elective procedures. Results. The Charlson comorbidity score was significantly higher in the emergency surgery group compared to the elective group, 8.51 vs 7.67, respectively (p < 0.05). Patients who underwent emergency surgery experienced more postoperative (including stoma-related) complications, leading to a lower quality of life score compared to those undergoing elective procedures. Conclusions. Especially in emergency cases, colostomy involves difficulties related to patient compliance and quality of life, a fact supported by higher scores regarding comorbidities and postoperative complications. Thus, presenting patients at early stages of disease, customized surgical techniques, and appropriate preoperative counseling can help improve both patient outcomes and overall well-being