Delitos de organización

Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à Lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra. STJ00091168 343.911(82) C215d (2008

Gender differences in HIV-related sexual behavior among college students from Spain and Portugal

Under the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior, the objective of this study was to know the gender differences in the variables involved in the use of effective preventive measures in sexual relations against HIV in a sample of university students from Spain and Portugal. Furthermore, it is examined whether these factors produce different predictions concerning the adoption of safe sexual behaviour for young man and women in each country. The sample consisted of 683 university students, 319 Portuguese (64% female and 36% male) from the University of Algarve and 364 Spanish students (51% female and 49% male) from the University of Huelva. Data were obtained by means of a questionnaire. The data revealed that there are gender differences which apply in both countries, highlighting that the young women have more positive attitudes, greater perceived behavioural control and intention of condom use than young men. However, they protect themselves less that their male counterparts: the percentage of females who say using condoms as a contraceptive method is less than the percentage of males, and especially with their steady partners. The results are discussed in relation to gender role norms, to have a steady partner or not, gender relations, the associated meaning to sexual relations for men and women and their implications for the design of sexual educational programmes for them

Fontes de informação, conhecimentos e uso do preservativo em estudantes universitários do Algarve e de Huelva

Embora os estudantes universitários tenham fácil acesso à informação sobre a transmissão do VIH e os comportamentos de risco associados à actividade sexual, esta informação nem sempre é correcta nem se baseia em fontes fiáveis ou conhecimentos científicos. Por outro lado, o nível de conhecimentos nem sempre se traduz numa utilização mais frequente do preservativo. Neste estudo analisaram-se as fontes de informação sobre os métodos contraceptivos e as doenças de transmissão sexual, os conhecimentos sobre a AIDS e o modo de transmissão do VIH e o uso do preservativo em 678 estudantes universitários portugueses e espanhóis. O nível de conhecimento é elevado em ambas as amostras, contudo os estudantes portugueses apresentam um melhor nível. Encontraram-se algumas diferenças no uso do preservativo e na utilização das fontes de informação entre países e sexo. Discutem-se as implicações para as actividades de promoção da saúde assim como o papel dos diferentes agentes educativos

El análisis del riesgo como medida del capital económico

La gestión de riesgos y de capitales es un marco unificado que combina estos aspectos a través del uso del capital económico como una forma común para medir el riesgo. El capital económico es el límite de capital necesario para hacer frente a potenciales pérdidas inherentes a las actividades comerciales. El objetivo de este trabajo teórico es identificar la tipología de riesgos y cuantificarlos, mediante el Best Estimate y el Risk Margin.The risk management and of capitals he is a frame united that he combines these aspects through the use of economic capital like a common form to measure risk. The economic capital is the limit of necessary capital to face up to potentials inherent losses to the commercial activities. In this research our objective is to determine the different risk types and quantify it, by the Best Estimate and the Risk Margin

Coarse-grain molecular dynamics simulation framework to unravel the interactions of surfactants on silica surfaces for oil recovery

A coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) framework, based on the MARTINI 3.0 model, was developed to characterise the interactions between surfactants and oil-silica substrates to resemble chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. Previous computational studies, at the atomistic scale, addressed interactions between surfactants and oil over diverse surfaces. Even though simulations provided significant information involved throughout different stages of oil extraction from surfaces, atomistic scale simulations fail when approaching the time and size scale required to address the surfactant phase behaviour that can also impact the oil detachment. Our coarse-grained model aims to overcome the lack of computer approaches that can tackle the surfactant self-assembly and the formation of ordered structures in the removal of oil from silica substrates. A new MARTINI 3.0 coarse-grain framework to model silica surfaces and aqueous solutions of CiEj and C16TAB surfactants is presented. Coarse-grained simulations entailing a silica surface, covered by dodecane or eicosane were brought in contact with aqueous solutions of C16TAB and four nonionic CiEj (C8E6, C8E12, C12E6, C16E12) surfactants to resemble EOR processes with a size/time scale several orders of magnitude larger than previous simulations. The impact of concentration and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of surfactants on the detachment of dodecane and eicosane from the silica surface was evaluated by visual inspection of the simulation snapshots and the evolution of the solvent accessible surface areas (SASA). In contrast with previous atomistic simulations, nonionic surfactants seem the best candidates for an optimal oil removal from silica-based surfaces whereas the presence of charged moieties hinders the process. Diluted nonionic CE aqueous solutions were shown to be the most effective solutions, unlike more concentrated ones. When compared with dodecane, eicosane was less prone to be removed from the silica surface due to the increased alkyl chain length. Our study demonstrates that not only the surfactant nature but also the phase behaviour, clearly impact the detachment of oil from silica surfaces. This is an important aspect to consider for a proper choice of surfactants in EOR processes, that is only attainable through a coarse-grained framework.publishe

Physiological, morphological and behavioural responses of self-feeding precocial chicks copying with contrasting levels of water salinity during development

Combined physiological and behavioural responses to salt loads during development have rarely been studied in air-breathing vertebrates able to inhabit hypersaline habitats, but they may be of particular importance in understanding, for example, the differences among species in patterns of habitat use or ontogenetic diet switches. Here, we compared the physiological and behavioural responses of self-feeding precocial chicks developed in contrasting levels of water salinity. The model species was the Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus) a precocial shorebird that breeds in a range of habitats from freshwater to hypersaline wetlands. Specifically, we compared resting metabolic rate (RMR), heat shock proteins (Hsp70), plasma ions, hematocrit, body mass, body size, growth rate and headshaking behaviour of captive-reared Black-winged Stilt fledglings developed under fresh (0 ½), saline (20 ½), and hypersaline (60 ½) water. Contrary to expectations, none of the physiological and morphological variables measured differed significantly among treatments. Likewise, the RMR of wild and captive-reared fledglings was similar. Surprisingly, the saltgland mass of wild fledglings from freshwater and those from hypersaline habitats was also similar. However, head-shaking, a behavioural response associated to minimize salt intake and to expel the secretions of salt glands, differed according to salinity source: head-shaking rate increased with increasing salinity. The results of this study support the key role of behavioural osmoregulation in avoiding salt stress during development.Trabajo financiado por: Fundacão para a Ciência e Tecnologia. Ayuda SFRH / BD / 74228 / 2010 y UID/MAR/04292/2013 para Afonso Duarte dos Reis Rocha Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Ayuda CGL2011-27485 Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER. Ayuda GR15080peerReviewe

História das ciências e relações étnico-raciais no ensino de evolução humana

Buscando consolidar uma abordagem histórica e antirracista na educação científica a partir da pesquisa em design educacional, apresentamos parte da estrutura teórica pela qual pretendemos subsidiar a sistematização de princípios de planejamento projetados como base para a construção de protótipos didáticos a serem aplicados no ensino de evolução humana, incluindo alguns casos pertencentes à história do racismo científico e do pensamento evolutivo. Nosso trabalho tem a intenção de contribuir com a formação de educandos(as) capazes de usar o conhecimento histórico, científico e evolutivo para agir de forma consciente e tomar decisões responsáveis acerca dos desafios e contradições inerentes às relações étnico-raciais

Construcción del discurso polifónico en el debate parlamentario español entorno a la crisis catalana

En la presente investigación se analizará, a partir de un eje pragmático, el empleo de ciertos recursos polifónicos, tales como el discurso reproducido y la intertextualidad, en el lenguaje político del Parlamento español, así como la finalidad que conlleva su uso; de este modo, el corpus estará conformado por las intervenciones que los representantes políticos de distintos partidos realizaron acerca de la crisis catalana el 10 de octubre de 2017, recogidas en el Diario de Sesiones del Congreso. Se concibe así el discurso político dentro de un análisis crítico, como relato construido, asumiendo que dicho proceso tiene una gran importancia a la hora de determinar los hábitos políticos de la ciudadanía. Tras la clasificación y cuantificación de los distintos fenómenos localizados, las estrategias discursivas serán analizadas en pos de buscar las razones y motivaciones que llevan a los políticos a hacer uso de estas herramientas de corte pragmático, así como a inferir qué recursos polifónicos son más comunes en los distintos grupos en función de su ideología. Los resultados obtenidos por este enfoque mixto avalan la rentabilidad política y retórica de la polifonía en la construcción de relatos discursivos cuyo fin es la persuasión y la argumentación, donde se disciernen conceptos tan fundamentales como sujeto empírico, locutor y enunciador, en línea con los postulados de Oswald Ducrot

A fuzzy expert system in buildings serviceability

The preservation of the built heritage plays an essential role in the revitalization of current societies, being crucial to their social and economic development. The buildings’ service life should be used as a decision criterion in the definition of rehabilitation and maintenance strategies. This study proposes a model to analyse the buildings’ serviceability, which is a complex issue, since the functional service life of buildings and components are usually related with subjective concepts and requirements. For this, an expert system called as Fuzzy Buildings Service Life - FBSL is proposed, it is a computational tool that applies a fuzzy logic model for estimating the functional service life of the buildings under analysis. The fuzzy inference system (FIS) is based on professional expert knowledge and it is implemented in the open access software Xfuzzy 3.0. This model is based on 17 input factors, five related with vulnerability and 12 related with external risks and the model’s output is a functionality index. This research represents a new breakthrough in the field of thefunctionalservice life prediction, where architectural construction is considered as a single element. The expert system has been normalized through the international standard ISO 31000:2011 (risk management, assessment and analysis). This model was initiallyapplied to100heritage buildings (churches built between the 13rdand the 18thcenturies) located in Spain, being posteriorly applied to other buildings located in other European regions. In this approach, an example with five monuments is shown. Also the model was validated through the comparison to another service life prediction model, widely used in the literature, ensuring the model’s accuracy for ranking buildings’ serviceability. This model is able to accurately prioritize proactive rehabilitation actions, which is an essential dimension in order to implement preventive maintenance programs of buildings and architectural heritage set

Visual Resources for Learning Thermodynamics: A Neuroeducation Perspective

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licenseThermodynamics is an engineering subject that is particularly difficult to teach and learn because it requires strong abstract theoretical concepts and extensive multidisciplinary knowledge. This manuscript introduces mind map learning as an alternative methodology for structuring both the learning and teaching processes in a transparent way for students in the context of thermodynamics. Mind maps help students to learn in a non-linear way promoting out-of-the-box thinking. In a quantitative pre–post study, the student knowledge outcomes were investigated through surveys and compared with the results of a control group. Factor analysis was carried out grouping four principal categories (66% of the total variance): visual insight to create links between pre-existing and new knowledge; motivation, related to curiosity to learn new concepts; applicability and critical thinking. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.84, which revealed good internal consistency. The results obtained are explained through constructivist and neuroeducation theories pointing out the relevance of the following concepts: alignment between pre-existing and new knowledge, learning improvement when multisensorial resources are used (like visual forms, font size, colors, hearing, speaking, etc.), and the impact of visual information on brain executive functions. The key to genuine education is curiosity and experience, as well as diving into hands-on learning, asking questions, and experimenting to truly grow