Attitude Towards Online Education During Covid-19 Pandemic Among Bachelor Level Students of Jumla

Background: Health science students, since long time, have been using digital technology mainly for the research purposes only. Due to global spread of corona virus disease (COVID-19), education system has changed and adopted online education which was a solution for the continuity of teaching and learning process during COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of this study was to assess the attitude towards online education among bachelor level health science students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla. Complete enumeration was done. Total 68 bachelor level students were taken for the study. A pretested self administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Frequency and percentage were also computed for demographics variables. Chi-square test was applied to assess the association between socio-demographic variables and attitude level. Results: The study illustrated that, among the 68 bachelor level students, nearly two third (63.2%) students had negative attitude towards online education during COVID-19 pandemic. There was statistically significant association of attitude level with ethnicity, type of program and strength of internet connection (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Majority of students of Karnali Academy had negative attitude towards online education; and they had faced many difficulties like internet and electricity problem etc. Administration and faculty members should take necessary measures for improving online education

CT KUB evaluation of suspected urolithiasis: CT KUB in suspected urolithiasis

Introduction: Non-contrasted computed tomography scan for kidney, ureter, and bladder (CT KUB) for the diagnosis of urolithiasis is important for accurate diagnosis, followup, and management. Unlike USG, CT KUB has more diagnostic yield in urolithiasis and other incidental findings. This study aims to evaluate the use of the CT KUB in suspected urolithiasis, which is presented with severe flank pain. Method: A retrospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Patan Hospital, Nepal. The CT KUB reports of patients with suspected urolithiasis from a period of 3 years from Jan 2017 to Jan 2020 were analyzed for evidence of urolithiasis and secondary signs of obstruction as ‘diagnostic’ of CT KUB. Other incidental radiological findings were further analysed and categorized into urinary and extra-urinary. Ethical approval was obtained. The association between USG and CT KUB was analysed using the Chi-square test, with a p value of 0.05 considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 414 CT KUB reports were analysed, 230(55.6%) males, 314 patients had USG before CT KUB. Considering CT KUB as a gold standard for the diagnosis of urolithiasis, the accuracy of ultrasound was found to be 85.03%, and sensitivity is 94.09% and specificity of 27.9%. Conclusion:  The majority of the patients included in the study had ultrasound done before CT KUB. The sensitivity of ultrasound was significant considering CT KUB as a gold standard in the diagnosis of urolithaisis. Keywords: Urolithiasis, CT KUB, incidental findings, USG sca

this happen or why is it mistaken?

A second gravida with normal antenatal period delivered a baby within an hour of admission and also expelled placenta which appeared at vagina. This placenta was adhererent to the fundus of uterus which was inverted but was persistently pulled out as uterine inversion was unrecognized. This case report will be of help to many of us who may mistake such condition. A habit to palpate the fundus of uterus and make sure it is contracted before controlled cord traction will help making the diagnosis in time

Tuberculosis in Staff and Students of Patan Hospital.

BACKGROUND There is a high risk of occupational exposure to tuberculosis among healthcare workers in endemic countries. Regular screening for tuberculosis among healthcare workers is not carried out in Nepal. Infection control measures are also not routinely implemented. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of active tuberculosis among staff/students at Patan Hospital. METHODS Participants were given a self-administered questionnaire and invited to undergo chest radiography. Cases were scored and reviewed based on predetermined criteria, and presumptive tuberculosis cases were invited to undergo sputum smear and culture. Participants were categorized according to the extent of patient contact and asked about history of tuberculosis medication. RESULTS Among 560 participants, 76.8% had direct contact with patients. Fifty-eight (10.4%) gave history of cough >2 weeks. Based on symptom history and chest radiography, 20.0% (n=112) cases were reviewed, and 12.5% (n=14) of those reviewed had sputum tested for acid-fast bacilli. One participant had culture-positive tuberculosis. Fifty participants (8.9%) reported tuberculosis in the past, among which 42.0% (n=21) occurred after employment at Patan Hospital and 42.0% before joining Patan Hospital. Security staff, radiology technicians and ward cleaning staff had the highest proportion of cases with a history of tuberculosis.History of tuberculosis medication had no relation with age, sex, education, body mass index and smoking.The incidence rate of tuberculosis at Patan Hospital was 3.6 per 1000 person-years. CONCLUSIONS Overall incidence of tuberculosis among healthcare workers is noteworthy. However, this study suggests when symptomatic tuberculosis occurs in healthcare worker at Patan Hospital, it is diagnosed and there is not a large pool of undiagnosed tuberculosis