Femtosecond Laser-Induced Surface Modification and its Application

In this chapter, we present femtosecond laser micromachining to fiber optics, focusing on surface qualities. Some techniques applied in the field are introduced to date and a review of some of the current applications for this type of technology. Section 2 describes laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which are induced in low- and high-fluence regime. Section 3 describes the influences of laser-induced structures for the fabrication of fiber-optic sensors, with experimental techniques and results in our research group. These sections explore ultrashort laser pulses applications, roughly going from lower to higher energy (power, intensity) ones

生体センシング実現に向けたピコリットル容積の局在型表面プラズモン共鳴ファイバセンサに関する研究

In this thesis, a spectrometer cell with a sensing volume of sub-picoliter has been fabricated inside a glass optical fiber by use of near ultraviolet (NUV) femtosecond laser pulses. By use of the cell with a small sensing volume, spectroscopic measurements using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) were demonstrated. The parameters of the laser system in order to make a micro through-hole inside a glass optical fiber were optimized. The microhole worked as an inline/picoliter spectrometer cell, which had capability of measuring refractive indices of liquid samples by using a combination of a halogen white light source and a compact CCD spectrometer. The spectrometer cell was fabricated into an optical glass fiber by focusing the NUV femtosecond laser pulses at a wavelength of 400 nm with an energy of 30 μJ. The laser beam was focused from two directions opposite to each other to fabricate a micro through-hole spectrometer cell. A diameter of the cell was approximately 3 μm, and the length was approximately 62.5 μm, which was nearly equal to the core diameter of the optical fiber. Absorption spectra using LSPR were obtained with the spectrometer cell. Liquid solution of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with a diameter of 5 to 10 nm was injected into the spectrometer cell with the volume of 0.4 pL. The absorption peak centered at 518 nm was observed. An increase of the absorption associated with the increase of the number of nanoparticles was in agreement with the numerical calculation based on the Lambert-Beer law. An aggregation of GNPs caused by biomolecules of L-cysteine was monitored by the change in the absorption spectra. The absorption peak of LSPR disappeared due to an injection of 7.5 mM of L-cysteine. The detection sensitivity of L-cysteine was calculated to be 3.0×10-15 mol (3.6×10-13 g) in the spectrometer cell due to the interaction volume of 0.4 pL with the 7.5 mM L-cysteine. A novel spectroscopic measurement method has been established that enables biomolecules to be detected in a simple measurement configuration with a small absolute amount of sensing targets.創価大

The combination therapy with alfacalcidol and risedronate improves the mechanical property in lumbar spine by affecting the material properties in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We conducted the present study to investigate the therapeutic effects of a combination treatment of alfacalcidol (ALF) and risedronate (RIS) on the bone mechanical properties of bone and calcium (Ca) metabolism using an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Female Wistar rats were OVX- or sham-operated at 40 weeks of age. Twelve weeks post-surgery, rats were randomized into seven groups: 1) sham + vehicle, 2) OVX + vehicle, 3) OVX + ALF 0.025 μg/kg/day, 4) OVX + ALF 0.05 μg, 5) OVX + RIS 0.3 mg, 6) OVX + RIS 3.0 mg, 7) OVX + ALF 0.025 μg + RIS 0.3 mg. Each drug was administered orally five times a week for 12 weeks. After treatment, we evaluated the mechanical properties of the lumbar vertebra and femoral midshaft. In the lumbar vertebra, structural and material analyses were performed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and microbeam X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD), respectively. Biochemical markers in serum and urine were also determined.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>(1) With respect to improvement in the mechanical strength of the lumbar spine and the femoral midshaft, the combination treatment of ALF and RIS at their sub-therapeutic doses was more effective than each administered as a monotherapy; (2) In the suppression of bone resorption and the amelioration of microstructural parameters, the effects of ALF and RIS were considered to be independent and additive; (3) The improvement of material properties, such as microstructural parameters and the biological apatite (Bap) c-axis orientation, contributed to the reinforcement of spinal strength; and (4) The combination treatment of ALF and RIS normalized urinary Ca excretion, suggesting that this treatment ameliorated the changes in Ca metabolism.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results demonstrate that the combination treatment of ALF and RIS at their sub-therapeutic doses can improve the mechanical properties of the spine as well as the femur and ameliorate changes in Ca metabolism in an animal model of osteoporosis, suggesting that the combination treatment of ALF and RIS has a therapeutic advantage over each monotherapy for the treatment of osteoporosis.</p

ショクリョウセイサク ト キョウドウクミアイ・NPO ノ ヤクワリ フードシステム ノ シンチョウリュウ トノ カンレン デ

21世紀の経済社会は,生態系持続の農・工・商複合化産業への転換が人類の基本的課題である。本論文は,その一環として食料政策の転換についてフードシステム論を重視して論考し,さらにNPO(広義)セクターの重要な一翼を占める協同組合の役割を「協同組合のアイデンティティに関するICA声明」を重視して総論的に考察している。食料政策は,政府が「市場に過度に任せる」施策を推進する場合は強者に有利で,弱者に不利に働き,社会的・経済的な公正さを歪め,そのしわ寄せは本格的に育成・支援すべき認定農業者等の先導的な担い手の意欲の後退や次世代づくりの弱体化,自然環境の劣化,さらに水田農業(用水の集落的・集団的管理による稲作農業)の育んできた日本文化のアイデンティティの衰退につながりかねない点を明らかにしている。すなわち,21世紀のフードシステムと持続型政策は,「市場メカニズムの進化」とともに「非市場的諸要素」である「地球規模での人間と自然のあり方,公正さ,生活価値,食農教育価値,健康増進価値」とバランスをとりながら,フードシステムのグローバル化と技術・経営革新の本来的進化を支援できる「行政改革と有機的・循環的評価システムの導入」が大きな課題である点を明らかにしている。The economy and society in the 21st Century is encountering a basic human challenge in the change toward organic complex of agriculture, and industry and commerce for ecological sustainability. This paper examines the change of food policy based on food system theory and the function of the co-operative as an NPO based on the ICA Statement on the Co-operative Identity. This paper contends that the food system and ecological sustainable policy of the 21st Century is important not only in the evolution of market mechanisms but also non market factors which include equity, living values, agro-food educational values and the values for the improvement of health. In addition,the introduction of the assessment system of government reform and organic circulation system is important in globalization and innovation of technique and management

チホウ ブンケン ト ノウソン ザイセイ コウゾウ ノ コウサツ : ノウセイ ヘンヨウ カテイ ニ オケル チョウソン ジチタイ タンドク ジギョウ ノ ザイセイ モンダイ ト ノ カンレン デ

平成11年に「地方分権法」が施行され,奨励的補助金の新設が中止された。その結果,食料・農業・農村基本法の最重要施策である「中山間地域等直接支払」制度に対して農林水産省は補助金が仕組めず,交付金で措置することになった。交付金は補助金より国の主体性が弱く,政策としては大きく後退し,自治体への依存が高まっている。以上の問題意識から,本論文は「地方分権法」と農村財政構造につて,農政変容過程における町村自治体単独事業の財源問題との関連に焦点を当て考察している。具体的には,第1に,すでに1兆円に達している自治省の農山漁村対策事業費の実態を解明している。第2に,国の施策の受皿となる自治体,とくに,農村地域に大部分が立地する町村の財政力構造を考察している。第3に 財政力が脆弱な町村自治体に対する財源対策への提言を行なっている。Firstly, the aim of analysis is to clarify the actual condition of the finance for development project in the rural, mountainous and fishery areas, on which is expended a trillion Yen per year through the Ministry of Home Affairs. Secondly, the aim is to clarify the finance ability of the local government, mainly the government of towns and villages which applies the policy of the central government. Lastly, the aim is to propose a new vision for the finance policy of government of towns and villages in which the financial ability is very weak. In 1999, the government introduced the law of decentralization of power, and encouraged subsidies to be stopped. For that reason, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery is obliged to introduce not subsidies, but local allocation taxes which were used as a direct payment system for farmers in the less favorable rural-mountainous area, a most important policy in the Food, Agricultural and Rural Basic Law

シンエコー ドップラーホウ ニヨル ソウボウベンリン セッカイカ ニ トモナウ ベンリン キョウサク ノ ジュウショウド ヒョウカ

Recently, mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a common finding with increasing of elderly orrenal failure patients. Mitral stenosis secondary to MAC is not rarely observed. Pressure halftime method by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography is often used to evaluate the severityof the stenotic mitral valve due to MAC. But, the method for calculating correct mitral orifice areais not established. We performed transthoracic Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterizationin 15 patients with rheumatic mital stenosis and 10 with mitral stenosis due to MAC, and calculatedthe severity of the mitral stenosis by pressure half time (PHT), continuity equation methods andGorlin formula. Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging methods were used for evaluating left ventricular(LV) early diastolic wall motion velocities. Results were as follows. 1) The mitral orifice areas determinedby PHT method were lower than those by continuity equation methods or Gorlin formulain patients with mitral stenosis due to MAC, and significant correlation was observed in rheumaticmital stenosis between the mitral orifice areas obtained by PHT and continuity equation methods,but not in mitral stenosis due to MAC. 2) The peak early diastolic LV myocardial velocities alonglong and short axes decreased significantly in mitral stenosis due to MAC than those in rheumaticmital stenosis. In conclusion, as mitral orfice area determined from PHT method is strongly influencedby early diastolic LV dysfunction in mitral stenosis due to MAC, continuity equation methodshould be recommended

Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial comparing neoadjuvant Adriamycin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil vs docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil followed by surgery for esophageal cancer (OGSG1003)

Sugimura, K, Yamasaki, M, Yasuda, T, et al. Long‐term results of a randomized controlled trial comparing neoadjuvant Adriamycin, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil vs docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil followed by surgery for esophageal cancer (OGSG1003). Ann. Gastroenterol. Surg. 2020; 00: 1– 8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ags3.12388

2014年冬季北極成層圏でのエアロゾル中不揮発性成分の観測

第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OM] 極域気水圏11月16日（月）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

Narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy for Peyer's patches is useful in predicting the recurrence of remissive patients with ulcerative colitis

Background/AimsPeyer's patches (PPs) are aggregates of lymphoid follicles that are mainly located in the distal ileum; they play a major role in mucosal immunity. We recently reported that patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have alterations in PPs that can be detected using narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME). However, the usefulness of NBI-ME in UC treatment as a whole is still unknown.MethodsWe collected NBI-ME images of PPs from 67 UC patients who had undergone ileocolonoscopy. We evaluated changes in the villi using the "villi index," which is based on three categories: irregular formation, hyperemia, and altered vascular network pattern. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of villi index: low (L)- and high (H)-types. We then determined the correlation between morphological alteration of the PPs and various clinical characteristics. In 52 patients who were in clinical remission, we also analyzed the correlation between NBI-ME findings of PPs and clinical recurrence.ResultsThe time to clinical recurrence was significantly shorter in remissive UC patients with H-type PPs than in those with L-type PPs (P<0.01). Moreover, PP alterations were not correlated with age, sex, disease duration, clinical activity, endoscopic score, or extent of disease involvement. Multivariate analysis revealed that the existence of H-type PPs was an independent risk factor for clinical recurrence (hazard ratio, 3.3; P<0.01).ConclusionsUC patients with morphological alterations in PPs were at high risk of clinical relapse. Therefore, to predict the clinical course of UC, it may be useful to evaluate NBI-ME images of PPs