Resolution of Parallel Deadlock by Partial Abortion

n A distributed system is composed of multiple objects intercon ected by communication networks. Each object is an abstract o data type. Users write transactions to manipulate distributed bjects in a nested fashion. Transactions are composed of o operations and also atomic units of work for users. Each peration can call operations on another objects. Suppose that one operation op on an object o calls two operations op on 1 1 2 p 3 2 3 and op on q. op and op can be called in parallel. This - means that op can be executed in parallel. In this sense, nest 1 ed transactions can be executed in parallel in the distributed k p systems. In this paper, we would like to discuss deadloc roblems occurred when transactions are executed in parallel. 1. Introduction Recently, distributed applications are required in many - m systems. In the distributed applications, transaction manage ent has become more important. A distributed system is - t considered to be composed of multiple objects which ar..

Resolution of Parallel Deadlock by Partial Abortion

A distributed system is composed of multiple objects intercon-nected data type. Users write transactions to manipulate distributed objects in a nested fashion. Transactions are composed of operations and also atomic units of work for users. Each operation can call operations on another objects. Suppose that one operation op1 on an object o1 calls two operations op2 on p and op3 on q. op2 and op3 can be called in parallel. This means that op1 can be executed in parallel. In this sense, nest-ed transactions can be executed in parallel in the distributed systems. In this paper, we would like to discuss deadlock problems occurred when transactions are executed in parallel. 1

Hepatic rRNA Transcription Regulates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity

Ribosome biosynthesis is a major intracellular energy-consuming process. We previously identified a nucleolar factor, nucleomethylin (NML), which regulates intracellular energy consumption by limiting rRNA transcription. Here, we show that, in livers of obese mice, the recruitment of NML to rRNA gene loci is increased to repress rRNA transcription. To clarify the relationship between obesity and rRNA transcription, we generated NML-null (NML-KO) mice. NML-KO mice show elevated rRNA level, reduced ATP concentration, and reduced lipid accumulation in the liver. Furthermore, in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed NML-KO mice, hepatic rRNA levels are not decreased. Both weight gain and fat accumulation in HFD-fed NML-KO mice are significantly lower than those in HFD-fed wild-type mice. These findings indicate that rRNA transcriptional activation promotes hepatic energy consumption, which alters hepatic lipid metabolism. Namely, hepatic rRNA transcriptional repression by HFD feeding is essential for energy storage