栽培型及び国内自生型マコモ(Zizania latifolia Turcz.)の生化学的性状の比較

A series of studies have been performed on the comparison of biochemical properties of cultivated type (C_2, C_3, C_6, C_, C_7, C_8) and domestic native type(W_1, W_4) of water oat(Zizania latifolia). (1) No differences were found between the two types regarding the number of chromosomes, with 2n=34 in all cases. (2) According to the pattern similarity ratio and cluster analysis of soluble proteins, organic acid and free amino acids in foliage, it was found that a group of C_2, C_3, C_7 and another group of W_1 and W_4 formed the two poles, with C_6 and C_8 being the intermediate. (3) Remarkable difference was observed between the pattern of organic acids in fungous gall and that in the growing foliage. (4) Regarding the peroxidase isozyme, the zymogram pattern was classified into a group of C_2, C_3, C_6 and C_8 and the other group of W_1, W_4, C_ and C_7. (5) Regarding the distribution of anthocyanin pigments, the tested samples were classified into three groups, first group of W_1 and W_4 which showed stable distribution in root apex, medullary cavity leaf joint and leaf sheath, second group of C_8 with no pigment distribution in any of the plant parts and third group consisting of C_2, C_3, C_6, C_7 and C_ in which pigment distribution was observed in some of the plant parts. (6) Regarding subterranean stems, the samples were divided into two groups, one consisting of W_1, W_4, C_8, C_7 and C in which active growth of the stems was observed and the other group of C_2, C_3 and C_6 with less development of subterranean stems

ナタネ種実のGoitrogenic Substanceに関する研究 : (第3報)除毒法としてのオートクレービングがナタネ全粒種実および油粕の品質に及ぼす影響

Effects on the quality of whole rapeseed and rapeseed meal by autoclaving employed for destruction of oxazolidinethione-yielding thioglucosides were investigated using whole seed and defatted meal of Brassica napus and meal of B. campestris. When the whole seed was treated, autoclaving resulted in browning and high acid value of the oil, although the yield of the oil was increased. On the contrary, autoclaving of the seed meals improved the flavour of the meal with a slight loss of drymatter. Although a marked decrease of the water-solubility of protein was noted, the autoclaving increased the digestibility of the protein in the meal by pancreatin and pepsin. The digestibility of B. napus meal generally lower than that of B. campestris meal

ナタネ種実のGoitrogenic Substanceに関する研究(第1報) : ナタネ種実脱脂ミール中goitrogenic substancesの抽出

The extracting method and structure of goitrogenic substances formed in rape seed, were investigated. Oxazolidinethione content of the extracts was estimated by the spectr ophotometry, and total goitrogenic activity of the extracts and residues was determined by chick feeding experiments. Major goitrogenic substance in myrosinase-treated seed meals was an oxazolidinethione, and significant amounts of unknown goitrogenic substances were found in both the enzyme-treated meals and a control sample to which no myrosinase has been added. Total goitrogenic substances in the seed meals were extracted quantitatively by two extractions with five times its weight of water. The ether-extraction was not suitable to remove total goitrogenic substances, because the myrosinase-treated meal contained ether insoluble goitrogenic substance. However, re-extraction of the water extracts with ethyl ether was necessary for purification of the oxazolidinethiones. Formation of oxazolidinethiones by autolysis during storage seed unlikely since no oxazolidinethiones was detected on the stored seed without the enzyme-digestion